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𝟭𝟬 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝟭. 𝗛𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗝. 𝗦. 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 At just 20 years old, Mendelssohn conducted the 1829 performance of Bach's St. Matthew Passion, the first major performance…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 — 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗣𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗭, 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔, 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔 The 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, located on 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘇, is one of the most important nineteenth-century public monuments dedicated to 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻. It was designed by the sculptor…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 (𝗜) “𝗔 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁” (𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟯, 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵, in Hamburg, into a family that embodied the…

𝐅𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐗 𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐋𝐒𝐒𝐎𝐇𝐍: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Felix Mendelssohn lived a life that seemed outwardly orderly, brilliant, elegant, and successful. Yet beneath that polished surface lay a series of deep…

𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗕𝗔𝗨𝗗 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗯𝗮𝘂𝗱 was one of the twentieth century’s most complete and least theatrical great conductors. His reputation rests largely on his advocacy of modern music, especially 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴,…

# **SWR Digital Archive 1 ** 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟬𝟬𝟭 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 - Piano Quartet No. 1 & Piano Trio No. 2 - Bartholdy Piano Quartet, Odeon Trio 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟬𝟬𝟮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 - Piano Quartet & Quintet - Thomas Selditz,…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶 𝘁𝗼 𝗬𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝗡𝗲́𝘇𝗲𝘁-𝗦𝗲́𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗻: 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁 The conducting history of the Metropolitan Opera of New York is…

𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗨𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Few composers in the history of Western music provoked as much fascination, resistance, misunderstanding, and admiration as 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴. He was born in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗕 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗬 𝗔 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 The tomb of 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘆 is not only the resting place of one of the greatest composers of…

𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡’𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗡 𝗔 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗗𝗶𝗱 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘆 and 𝗖𝗲́𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗲 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘂𝗱 had 𝗳𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻: 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲, 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹, 𝗟𝗶𝗹𝗶, and 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁. Their family life belonged…

𝗣𝗔𝗨𝗟 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗬 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗣𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘆, born 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗔𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗮𝗺 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘆 on 𝟭𝟴 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟭 in Leipzig and dead on…

# **Handel - Joshua - Oratorio - 1747 - Laurence Cummings ** [[https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-joshua-145842781?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-joshua-145842781?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link)](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-joshua-145842781?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) *Joshua* was composed by **George Frideric Handel** in **July 1747**, immediately after the triumph of *Judas Maccabaeus*. The two oratorios are…

# **Handel - Joshua - Oratorio - 1848 - Laurence Cummings ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-joshua-144842909?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-joshua-144842909?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) When Handel composed *Joshua* in **summer 1747**, he was in one of the most turbulent yet creatively brilliant phases of his…

# **THE DEATH OF FELIX MENDELSSOHN — A COMPLETE ANALYSIS** Felix Mendelssohn’s final weeks in the autumn of **1847** form one of the most tragic and bewildering chapters in 19th-century musical history. The composer…

𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 — 𝗗𝗔𝗦 𝗥𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 — 𝗙𝗶𝗹𝗺 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 — Herbert von Karajan 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 — Berliner Philharmoniker 𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗻 — Thomas Stewart 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗮 — Brigitte Fassbaender 𝗟𝗼𝗴𝗲…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗖 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟮 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟰, 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 Among the children of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻…

𝗘𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝟮𝟬 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗘𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟭–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟴 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗻 𝗮 𝗱𝗿𝗮𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝘆 𝗥𝘂𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗳 𝗟𝗲𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟭 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁-𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻-𝗛𝗮𝘂𝘀, 𝗭𝘄𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗮𝘂 The 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 When 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗱 enters Chopin’s life, Rupert Hughes’s chapter moves from nocturnal solitude into one…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…

𝗞𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗨𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 Kurt Sanderling was not one of those conductors who built a career on glamour, theatrical poses, or the cult of personality. His greatness belonged to…

𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗢 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗔 — 𝗔 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢’𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗖𝗬, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 Antonello Manacorda belongs to that fascinating generation of conductors whose authority did not begin with the baton, but with…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗣𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 After the inward anguish of 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆, Rupert Hughes turns…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 𝗖𝗼̈𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻: 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘄, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝗧𝗼 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 Chapter IV of C. F. Abdy Williams’s 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵…