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𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗙𝘂𝘅: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗙𝘂𝘅 (c.1660–1741) was an Austrian Baroque composer, theorist, and one of the most influential teachers in music history. Born in…

**Johann Joseph Fux (c.1660–1741)** was an Austrian Baroque composer, theorist, and one of the most influential teachers in music history. Born in Styria, he rose to become **Kapellmeister at the Imperial Court in Vienna**,…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗫𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗧𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗠 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗫𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟵, 𝗛𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀̌𝗼𝘃, 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟮 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟵, 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗫𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 was one of…

# **Mozart and Counterpoint (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) What time and environment could offer him was **no longer genuinely living polyphony**, but rather **a survival—something rigid, petrified, a textbook…

# **Joseph Haydn — Survival and Self-Education in Vienna (1749–1755)** After his abrupt dismissal from the choir of **St. Stephen’s Cathedral** in **late 1749** (when his voice broke), Haydn entered what he later described…

# **Joseph Haydn — 50 Curiosities and Anecdotes from an Extraordinary Life** 1. **He was born into humble circumstances**: Haydn was born in **1732 in Rohrau**, the son of a wheelwright and a cook.…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗜𝗟: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗔𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟵 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟱, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟳, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 was one…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟬 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡, 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 At the end of 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻’s story, after Rohrau,…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟱 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗, 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗨𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 The first London journey did more than give 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗗𝗢𝗢𝗥𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗦 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗣 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The young 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 did not find his…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗥𝗢𝗛𝗥𝗔𝗨 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗧 𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗣𝗛𝗘𝗡’𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗪𝗔𝗬 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗬 𝗔 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗘 The life of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 begins without…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱: 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 Chapter VI of C. F. Abdy Williams’s 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵…

## **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 — Chapter 5 — Liars, Slanderers, and Envious Creatures** **1) Salzburg After the Grand Tour: Spoils, Secrecy, and Leopold’s Next Calculations** After returning to Salzburg in **November 1766**, Leopold…

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐇𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐧’𝐬 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 Joseph Haydn stands at the heart of the Classical style, yet his musical language grew directly out of the Baroque world that…

# **Baroque Music Written for New Year’s Day and New Year Celebrations (1 January)** **A comprehensive historical survey** In the Baroque world, **New Year’s Day (1 January)** was not a private celebration but a…

# **Haydn: Choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral (1740–1749)** In **1740**, when **Joseph Haydn** was just **eight years old**, his musical abilities brought him to **Vienna**, where he was admitted as a **boy soprano at…