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Demos la bienvenida a los nuevos miembros. Simon Schieferdecker, Łukasz Lewandowski, Edd Junior, Fred Houpt, Pedro Bonoto, Yuliia Dudarenko, Carlos Alejandro Palacio, Ruxandra Tuchel, Giorgio Ceccarelli, John Chasteen, Erika Haraszti, Nicholas Hopkins, Fernando Araneda,…

Demos la bienvenida a los nuevos miembros: Simon Tavener, Anne-Mette Wrangel, April Curtis Haines, Raimond Haak, Tore-Morten Andreassen Figenschow, Glenn Boreham, Michel Mollard, Giorgio Ramini, George Cody, Lucile Deslignères, Laurence Branigan, Maria Gabriella Cianci,…

# **The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven, Volume III** by **Alexander Wheelock Thayer** [https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-ludwig-van-beethoven-volume-iii-by-alexander-wheelock-thayer/](https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-ludwig-van-beethoven-volume-iii-by-alexander-wheelock-thayer/) ## Scope and historical position of Volume III **Volume III** of Thayer’s biography covers the decisive years of **Beethoven’s middle…

# **The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven, Volume II by Alexander Wheelock Thayer** [[https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-ludwig-van-beethoven-volume-ii-by-alexander-wheelock-thayer/](https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-ludwig-van-beethoven-volume-ii-by-alexander-wheelock-thayer/)](https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-ludwig-van-beethoven-volume-ii-by-alexander-wheelock-thayer/) **The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven, Volume II** by **Alexander Wheelock Thayer** is devoted to the **central, transformative phase of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟴 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝘁 𝗔𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱: 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆, 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘆, 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗡𝗼 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟴 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝘁 𝗔𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱: 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆, 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘆, 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗡𝗼 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 — 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟮 For years, 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 had struggled…

𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧, 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Felix Mendelssohn has often been admired for his elegance and simultaneously underestimated because of it. His music appears so lucid, balanced…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗱𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂̈𝗵𝗹𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗩𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗼 𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 Between 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯 and 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴, Johann Sebastian Bach passed…

𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 — 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟱 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 occupies a special place among writers whose works entered the history of classical music. He was not only one of…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - **𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱 — 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 ## 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 (1790–1791) The death of Joseph II on February 20, 1790, marked not only the…

𝗚𝗜𝗔𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗢 𝗣𝗨𝗖𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿: 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗼𝘁, 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗹𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝘂𝘇𝘇𝗹𝗲 The last year of 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗣𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗶’s life was one of the most dramatic final chapters in the history of opera. It…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 — 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳) If the…

𝗜𝘀 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰? 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗦 𝗔 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗫 At first glance, the idea seems almost paradoxical. When one thinks of the…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 (1567–1643) was one of the most decisive figures in the history of Western music, standing at the threshold between the Renaissance and the Baroque.…

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐟 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐞, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐦 There are musicians whose fame rests on one supreme gift, and then there are those rarer figures whose…

𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐎𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 There are conductors whose fame rests on vast symphonic monuments, and there are others whose greatness is forged in…

𝐆𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐯 𝐇𝐨𝐥𝐬𝐭 – 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐬 – 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 – 𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐙𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 – 𝐁𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 – 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐠 https://www.patreon.com/posts/gustav-holst-153584329?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐆𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐕 𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐓 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐒 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟔) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒, 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐂𝐄𝐏𝐓, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐀𝐂𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍…

𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝗻 1803: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 “𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗵” 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 In 1803, Ludwig van Beethoven stood at a decisive threshold. The private catastrophe of his hearing loss—formally confronted in the 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗱𝘁 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 (October 1802)—did…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗨.𝗦. 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟴 (𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟲) The American premiere of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟴 𝗶𝗻 𝗘-𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 — the famous “𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱” — occurred on 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵…

# **The Traveller (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) Mozart—like other geniuses—is the most brilliant proof that within a human being **the bodily and the spiritual, the animal and the divine,…

# **The Art and Orchestral Conducting Style of Wilhelm Furtwängler** Wilhelm Furtwängler stands as one of the most **profound, controversial, and spiritually ambitious conductors** in the history of orchestral performance. His art cannot be…

# **Ludwig van Beethoven in Vienna, 1804 — A Year of Inner Revolution** In **1804**, Beethoven’s life in Vienna stood at a decisive crossroads. Externally, he was already recognized as one of the city’s…