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𝟭𝟬 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗕𝗮𝘅 𝟭. 𝗛𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗜𝗻 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗜𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 A visit to Ireland as a young man transformed Bax's life. He became deeply fascinated by Irish mythology,…

𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐨𝐧 Dear members of my Facebook groups and followers of my professional profile, I would like to invite you to join me on 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐨𝐧, where you will find a…

**𝐀 𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐎𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐋𝐘𝐒𝐈𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐉𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐎𝐎𝐊𝐒 𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐎𝐐𝐔𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂, 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎–𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟎** To compare these nine books properly, one must begin by recognizing that they do **not** all aim to do the same thing.…

## **Objective Statistical Data Ranking the Most Popular Composers in History** There is no single, absolute ranking of “the most popular composers in history,” but there **are reliable, measurable indicators** that allow us to…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟖 — 𝐅𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐎𝐖 𝐏𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐑 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐙 𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐙𝐓 Of all the composers of his…

𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐃𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐇 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐊 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna on the afternoon of 26 March 1827, in his apartment in the Schwarzspanierhaus, after a long period of…

𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐎𝐒 𝐊𝐋𝐄𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐌𝐀𝐃𝐄 𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐀𝐏𝐏𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐀𝐍 𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓 Carlos Kleiber occupies an almost unique position in the history of conducting. He never directed a major orchestra for decades in the manner…

𝗕𝗘𝗬𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙’𝗦 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 The music of 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳 is instantly recognizable: long-breathed melodies, darkly glowing harmonies, immense climaxes, tolling bells, dense piano textures and an almost…

# 𝗥𝗨𝗗𝗢𝗟𝗙 𝗕𝗨𝗖𝗛𝗕𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥 — 𝗠𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 ## 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 **𝗠𝘆 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻: 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿** is neither a conventional biography of **𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻** nor a technical handbook devoted exclusively to piano…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟰 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 𝗜𝗡 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗔 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 reached England at the beginning of 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟭, he entered…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗫 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗘 One of the most remarkable paradoxes of…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗩𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 After the dazzling Italian journeys, Mozart returned to Salzburg on 13 March 1773. He was no longer merely…

𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘇𝘆: 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 The consecration of 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘇𝘆 as an orchestral conductor is one of the most remarkable second chapters in modern musical history. Few artists of the twentieth…

𝗟𝗨𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗩𝗦. 𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗔𝗨 — 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛, 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗖𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 𝗔 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲: 𝗹𝗮𝘄, 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿, 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗜. 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼…

𝗧𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗸 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁, 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲…

𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 (𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟵–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰, 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 was born on 𝟲 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟵…

𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮 — 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘇 was born in 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟭 and was baptized as 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀, although throughout his life he would be known by many variations of that name: 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻ç𝗼𝗶𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼, and…

𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐝 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤: 𝐁𝐢𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲, 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬, 𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐝𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐝 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤, later known as 𝐑𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤, was born on 𝟐 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟒 in 𝐄𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐡, near Berching in the Upper Palatinate, and died on…

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭? Although live concerts offer intensity, presence, and a sense of occasion, recorded music is not merely a second-best substitute. In many situations, it is…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴: 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟲–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟳) When Handel left Hamburg in the autumn of 1706, he was not fleeing failure. He was leaving behind a…

𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 - 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗜𝗜 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗧𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 In this third stage, the Classical inheritance begins to dissolve into a much more personal, unstable, and visionary world.…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗘 (𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟱–𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟳) Handel’s life begins not in glamour, but in a world of 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗼𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿. He was born…

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors whose greatness lies in warmth, others in charisma, and a very rare few whose authority seems almost terrifying because it is…

𝐒𝐞𝐦𝐲𝐨𝐧 𝐁𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐤𝐨𝐯: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐝𝐲 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors whose greatness lies in polish, and there are others whose art seems born from fracture, displacement, and the hard-won…