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𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚 — 𝗚𝗨𝗥𝗥𝗘-𝗟𝗜𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw2uTW0mdSs (Part 1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh3uSGMBLwU (Part 2-3) 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗸𝗼𝘄𝘀𝗸𝗶, conductor 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗮 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲 𝗩𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, soprano — Tove 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗻, mezzo-soprano — Waldtaube 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲, tenor — Waldemar 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲, tenor —…

𝟭𝟬 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺 𝗔𝗹𝘄𝘆𝗻 𝟭. 𝗛𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘀 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆 Alwyn entered the Royal Academy of Music at the age of 15 as a gifted flute student. He quickly…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 When 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗱 enters Chopin’s life, Rupert Hughes’s chapter moves from nocturnal solitude into one…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗕𝘆𝗽𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝘂̈𝗻𝗲𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗮: 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆, 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗮…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡-𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗥 After 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿, whose music transformed desire into one of the supreme artistic languages of the nineteenth century while his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗔𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗢 𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗡 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗡𝗘𝗔𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢 𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 occupies a commanding but strangely shadowed place in the history of music.…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗗ü𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗳, around 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟰/𝟱𝟱 𝗗𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗼𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲 𝗯𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲, 𝗭𝘄𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗮𝘂 Here, 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 is seen with her eldest daughter, 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻-𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿-𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, in a daguerreotype taken in 𝗗ü𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗳 around…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁, 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 Bruno Walter was one of the great moral figures of twentieth-century conducting. He was not merely a…

𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗮 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗱: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗮 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮 was born on 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟲, 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟯, in 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗱, into a Spain…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚 𝗩𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 (𝗩) “𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱” (𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟮) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 By 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟴, Beethoven’s home life had reached its 𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁. His father 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 had become…

𝐇𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐳: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐦 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐀 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 There are composers who refine an existing language, and there are others who seem to arrive almost…

𝐕𝐥𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐫 𝐀𝐬𝐡𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐳𝐲: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐭𝐡 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐀 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐎𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 There are musicians whose careers divide neatly into one identity, and there are others whose greatness…

𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗲𝗹 (𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀) 𝟭. 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 Even as a boy, Arthur Schnabel astonished his…

𝗣𝗮𝘂 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘀 – 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 (𝗔 𝗱𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿) Pau (Pablo) Casals, although universally remembered as one of the greatest cellists…

𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭’𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬: 𝐀 𝐑𝐢𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 Karl Bohm’s Mozart symphony legacy is often discussed as if it were one homogeneous “old-style” body of recordings. It is not. The important starting point is…

𝐄𝐃𝐕𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐆𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐆 (𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟕): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Edvard Grieg (1843–1907) is often remembered as one of the most lyrical, intimate, and beloved composers of the nineteenth century: the musical…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐕𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐊: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Antonin Dvorak is often remembered as one of the healthiest, warmest, and most balanced figures in nineteenth-century music: a deeply Czech composer, a…

𝐌𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐀 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐑’𝐒 𝐃𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐍𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀…

The relationship between 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰ä𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 and 𝐀𝐭𝐚ú𝐥𝐟𝐨 𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚 was not that of master and formal disciple in the strict documentary sense, nor was it a long public partnership built on frequent joint projects. What…

𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 The relationship between 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 (1886–1954) and 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘂 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲 (1912–1996) is one of the most consequential mentor–successor dynamics in twentieth-century conducting. It…

𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐝𝐢 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐨𝐫 Few major composers of the nineteenth century showed such consistent, practical, and deeply personal charity as Giuseppe Verdi. His philanthropy was not occasional generosity…

# **Mozart’s works for Piano trio, Piano Quartets - (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) The transition from the keyboard-and-violin sonatas to the trio for keyboard, violin, and cello occurred in…

# **Handel's father ** **Handel’s Father: The Story of Georg Händel** The father of **George Frideric Handel**, **Georg Händel (1622–1697)**, was a man whose life stood at the crossroads of **professional ambition, social discipline,…

# **J.S.Bach - Family, Loss, and Music as Daily Life** Few aspects of **Johann Sebastian Bach’s** life reveal the human cost of his era more starkly than his family history. Bach fathered **20 children**…