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𝐓𝐘𝐓𝐔𝐒 𝐖𝐎𝐘𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐖𝐒𝐊𝐈 — 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍’𝐒 𝐂𝐋𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐲𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐖𝐨𝐲𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢 (1808–1879) was a Polish nobleman, industrialist and patron of the arts, but he is remembered above all as 𝐅𝐫𝐲𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐤 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧’𝐬 most trusted childhood friend. The two…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟬 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘅 𝗱𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗛𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲 For 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇, the…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗚𝗠𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗥-𝗔𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗭 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬 This remarkable photograph shows 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 in 𝗚𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻, Austria, with members of the family of 𝗩𝗶𝗸𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝘇𝘂 𝗔𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗵𝗼𝗹𝘇. The image is commonly identified…

# **SWR Digital Archive 2** 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟭𝟭𝟬 𝗦𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻𝘀 - Klangerzählen 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟭𝟭𝟭 𝗛𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗿 & 𝗚𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮 - String Quartets - Végh Quartet 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟭𝟭𝟮 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 - Variations in G major, Op. 121a - Stuttgart Piano Trio 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟭𝟭𝟯 𝗕𝗼𝗰𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗶…

# **SWR Digital Archive 5 ** 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟰𝟬𝟮 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 - Violin Sonata No. 1, Op. 78 - Max Rostal, Maria Bergmann 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟰𝟬𝟯 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝘂𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗹𝘀 - 14 Preludes, Op. 33 - Michael Braunfels 𝗦𝗪𝗥𝟭𝟬𝟰𝟬𝟰 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 - String…

𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗢𝗙𝗙𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 — 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮 𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 was one of the most extraordinary figures in German Romantic culture: writer, composer, music…

𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗥 𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗿 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗲, born in Dublin on 16 October 1854 and dead in Paris on 30 November 1900, was not a composer, nor was music the central…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗’𝗦 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 Opera has always lived at the crossroads of several arts. It is music, theatre, poetry, painting, gesture, architecture, and psychological drama…

𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (Father of 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻) was born in 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗰𝗵ü𝘁𝘇 on 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟯, the son of a poor pastor. Although his early life seemed to direct him toward a practical commercial career, his…

𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮, 𝗚𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 with wife and daughter of 𝗩𝗶𝗸𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝘇𝘂 𝗔𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗵𝗼𝗹𝘇 in 1890 The photo was taken in 1890 in 𝗚𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮, a lakeside town in 𝗨𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 that had become…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 — 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗡𝗢. 𝟵 𝗜𝗡 𝗗 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗥, 𝗢𝗣. 𝟭𝟮𝟱 “𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗔𝗟” 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘆-𝘀𝗶𝘅 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 — 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝟭. 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄ä𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 — 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟭 — 𝗘𝗠𝗜 / 𝗪𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗿 Orchestra: Bayreuth Festival Orchestra. Soloists: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚 𝗩𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 (𝗜𝗩) “𝗦𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘄 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴” (𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟰–𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟳) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟭: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 By 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟰, Beethoven was no longer a 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆, but a recognized musician within the court of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 (𝗜) “𝗔 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁” (𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟯, 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵, in Hamburg, into a family that embodied the…

𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle was far more than a world’s fair. It was a vast theatrical display of modern civilization, a place where nations exhibited…

𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗢 𝗠𝗨𝗧𝗜 𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗦: 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗖𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗭𝗘 𝗔 𝗣𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗟𝗘 https://vanguardia.com.mx/show/artes/2688911-una-orquesta-cuesta-menos-que-un-jugador-de-futbol-muti-BXVG2688911 (2014) Italian conductor 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘁𝗶 expressed deep concern over the cuts that the arts are suffering across Europe, warning political leaders that…

𝐉𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors who conquer through sheer power, and there are others whose greatness lies in 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫, 𝐫𝐡𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, and the ability to…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐔 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) was born on 9 April 1906 in Budapest,…

# Austria, Gmunden, Johannes Brahms with wife and daughter of Viktor von Miller zu Aichholz in 1890 The photo was taken in **1890 in Gmunden, Austria**, a lakeside town in Upper Austria that had…

# **From Cathedrals of Sound to Musical Conversation: The Great Shift from Baroque Splendor to Classical Clarity ** The contrast between **Baroque music** and **Classical music** is not only a change in sound, but…

Charles Jennens (1700–November 20, 1773): English patron of the arts and landowner. A friend of George Frideric Handel, with whom he collaborated on the librettos of several of his oratorios, especially Messiah .

# **Biographical Portraits of the Key Figures Who Shaped the Göttingen Handel Tradition** ## **I. Oskar Hagen (1888–1957) — The Visionary Who Reawakened Handel’s Theatre** Oskar Hagen was not a musician by training but…

# **SIR DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY — A LIFE** ## **I. Origins, Childhood, and the Early Emergence of a Musical Mind** Donald Francis Tovey was born on **July 17, 1875**, in Eton, into an intellectually…

# **Leopold von Sonnleithner (1797–1873): The Son Who Preserved Schubert** ## **I. A Young Man in a House of Culture: Early Life in the Sonnleithner Family** Leopold von Sonnleithner was born on **15 November…

# **Ignaz von Sonnleithner (1770–1831): The Patriarch of Vienna’s Enlightened Musical Salon** ## **I. Origins of an Enlightened Mind: The Formation of a Viennese Cultural Figure** Ignaz von Sonnleithner was born on **30 November…