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𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 – 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟮 𝗶𝗻 𝗕-𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟴𝟯 – 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘇, pianist – 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶, conductor – 𝗡𝗕𝗖 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 – 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗹, 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝟱 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ny3G05Q4hGM&t=1163s

𝗣𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗿 𝗜𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 – 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗶𝗻 𝗕-𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟮𝟯 – 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘇, pianist – 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶, conductor – 𝗡𝗕𝗖 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 – 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗹, 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝟱–𝟭𝟰 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭.…

𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 and the young 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 photographed on board the 𝗜̂𝗹𝗲 𝗱𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 during their transatlantic journey from 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮 back to 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲, 𝟮𝟭 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟮. Photo: 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 / 𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶, second from the left, photographed with the young Italian conductor 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗼 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 on 𝟮 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟮. Photo: 𝗗𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀 / 𝗛𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘃𝗲 / 𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀.

𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 conducts the 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 in the 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗸𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗹, Vienna, 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟱, with the legendary Konzertmeister 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲́. Photo: 𝗩𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘃𝗮 / 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 / 𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 – 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟵 𝗶𝗻 𝗗 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟭𝟮𝟱 “𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹” – 𝗘𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗹, 𝗡𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗻, 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲, 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝘁𝘁 – 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝘄 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗲 – 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 – 𝗡𝗕𝗖 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 –…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 – 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗶𝗻 𝗗 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳𝟳 – 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻, violin – 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿, conductor – 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 – 𝗞𝘂𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀, 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗲, 𝟮𝟵–𝟯𝟭 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟵. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-u_MyGomh6Y&t=2122s

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 – 𝗔𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝘀𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗭𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟯𝟬 – 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀, conductor – 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 – 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟯 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟰 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6fIFQp32YU&t=20s

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 - 𝗘𝗶𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗻, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟰𝟬 - 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀, conductor - 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟰 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuCFGvmmb4k&t=162s

𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 – 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 – 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 – 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟰 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LQTnhyTHxM&list=PLQSDLABjCc_DcGZUBWBhMOoA23hvg_UGP PHOTO: 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗸𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻; 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗼𝗻𝘇𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲́.

𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿 — “𝗗𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝘂̈𝘁𝘇” - 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjdLjt3sH5A 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗛𝗼𝗽𝗳 — Max 𝗘𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗯𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗿𝘂̈𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿 — Agathe 𝗞𝘂𝗿𝘁 𝗕𝗼̈𝗵𝗺𝗲 — Kaspar 𝗔𝗹𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝗹𝗹 — Ottokar 𝗥𝗶𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗰𝗵 — Ännchen Chorus of the…

𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴 — 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗸𝗹𝗮̈𝗿𝘁𝗲 𝗡𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘁 — 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻, 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 — 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟰 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sCdkuuarhU 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴 — 𝗣𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲́𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲, 𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝗲𝗺 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟱 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟯 — 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆…

𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗨𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Few composers in the history of Western music provoked as much fascination, resistance, misunderstanding, and admiration as 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴. He was born in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮…

𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 — 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟰 𝗶𝗻 𝗘-𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, “𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰” — 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟴–𝟴𝟬 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻.- 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗼𝗶𝗺.(In my opinion, this was Barenboim’s recording as a conductor that has excited me the…

𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳 — 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 — 𝗘𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘆, 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟲. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpo64avx57g 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗩𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗹𝘆𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳, 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁, 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟵.

𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗶𝗻 𝗗 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, “𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻,” 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗥𝗮𝗳𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶́𝗸, 𝗕𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝟮 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟵. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV5pi64lxsk&t=156s

𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟱. 𝗝𝗶𝗵𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗮. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, aged 𝟱 𝗼𝗿 𝟲, holding what appears to be 𝗮 𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 — possibly one of his own early manuscripts. According to a vivid…

𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟯. 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝟯. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭, shown at the age of three, wearing a checked coat and matching hat while riding a wheeled horse…

𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟮. 𝗝𝗶𝗵𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗮. 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭 — 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 — 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗻𝗲𝗽𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵–𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟯. Gustav Mahler aged 12.

𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗞. 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗺 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗘𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆. 𝗠𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗵, 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟬.