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𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐳𝐞𝐥𝐥 (1897–1970) was a Hungarian-born American conductor, pianist and composer, and one of the most distinguished orchestral conductors of the 20th century. Born in 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 and raised in Vienna, he was a remarkable…

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫 (1888–1963) was a Hungarian-born American conductor and one of the most influential orchestral interpreters of the 20th century. Born in 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭, he studied at the 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐳𝐭 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲, where one of his…

𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐊𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐳𝐤𝐲 (1874–1951) was a Russian-born conductor, double bassist and champion of modern music, and one of the most influential conductors of the first half of the 20th century. Born in 𝐕𝐲𝐬𝐡𝐧𝐲 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐤, Russia,…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢 (1882–1977) was a British-born conductor and one of the most innovative and charismatic musical figures of the 20th century. Born in 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐧, he studied at the 𝐑𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 and began…

𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐨 𝐓𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐢 (1867–1957) was an Italian conductor and one of the most celebrated and influential conductors of the 20th century. Born in 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐚, Italy, he studied cello at the Parma Conservatory and began his…

𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 (1886–1954) was a German conductor and composer, and one of the most influential and legendary conductors of the 20th century. Born in 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐧 into a distinguished intellectual family, he received an extensive…

𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 (1885–1973) was a German conductor and composer, and one of the most important interpreters of the 20th century. Born in 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐮, then part of the German Empire, he studied in Frankfurt and…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 (1918–1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist and educator, and one of the most charismatic and influential musical figures of the 20th century. Born in 𝐋𝐚𝐰𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, Massachusetts, he studied at 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐝 and…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐢 (1899–1970) was a British conductor and cellist, and one of the most admired conductors of the 20th century. Born in 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐧 into a musical family of Italian and French origins, he…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐦 (1879–1961) was a British conductor and impresario, and one of the most charismatic and influential musical figures of the 20th century. Born in 𝐒𝐭 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐬, Lancashire, into a wealthy family, he…

𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (1864–1949) was a German composer and conductor, and one of the most important musical figures of the late Romantic and early modern eras. Born in 𝐌𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐡, he was the son of the…

𝐅𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐱 𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫 (1863–1942) was an Austrian conductor, composer and pianist, and one of the most influential conductors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in 𝐙𝐚𝐫𝐚, Dalmatia, then part of the Austrian…

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳 𝐁𝐮𝐬𝐜𝐡 (1890–1951) was a German conductor and one of the most distinguished interpreters of opera and the symphonic repertoire of his generation. Born in 𝐒𝐢𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧, Germany, into a remarkable musical family, he studied…

𝐁𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 (1876–1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist and composer, and one of the most distinguished conductors of the 20th century. Born in 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐧, he began his career as a pianist before turning to…

𝐊𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐅𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐝 (1895–1962) was a Norwegian soprano and one of the greatest Wagnerian singers of the 20th century. Born in 𝐇𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐫, Norway, into a musical family, she made her operatic debut in 𝐎𝐬𝐥𝐨 in…

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳 𝐖𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐡 (1930–1966) was a German lyric tenor, widely regarded as one of the finest singers of the 20th century. Born in 𝐊𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐥, Germany, he studied at the 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲 and made his…

𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐘 𝐑𝐄𝐅𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘 𝐍𝐎. 𝟑 «𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀» 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨. 𝟑 𝐢𝐧 𝐄-𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫, 𝐎𝐩. 𝟓𝟓 «𝐄𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐚» — 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫, conductor — 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbxD-_yNIKw&t=1506s 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝟏𝟗 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟒 (radio broadcast)…

𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐘 𝐑𝐄𝐅𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘 𝐍𝐎. 𝟑 «𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀» 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨. 𝟑 𝐢𝐧 𝐄-𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫, 𝐎𝐩. 𝟓𝟓 «𝐄𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐚» — 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫, conductor — 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbxD-_yNIKw&t=1506s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbxD-_yNIKw&t=1506s) 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝟏𝟗 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟒 (radio broadcast)…