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𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥 — 𝗔𝗹𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 & 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿-𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘀𝗸𝗮𝘂 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗪𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗲 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsrV2ylqhlw Few artistic collaborations in the history of Lieder feel as intellectually and emotionally profound as the partnership between Dietrich…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟 𝗞𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗡 Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (1914–1981) was one of the most compelling conductors of the 20th century, a musician whose…

**𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 (1908–1989)** **𝗗𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗼𝘀 (1896–1960)** **𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (1918–1990)**

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 (1908–1989) 𝗗𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗼𝘀 (1896–1960) 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (1918–1990)

𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 (1770–1827) — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗗𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬𝗧 Understanding Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) psychologically means tracing the transformation of a personality shaped by trauma, ambition, idealism, illness,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗔𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗢 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗠 — 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘂𝘀𝘀𝘆’𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 Claude Debussy (1862–1918) did not simply compose music — he quietly changed how music could exist. His life…

𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗡𝗟𝗬 33 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦… 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡 𝗜𝗠𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗟 𝗚𝗢𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗦 — 𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜, “𝗡𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔”, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗧 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗔 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 Vincenzo Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) is one of those…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗗𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦 — 𝗚𝗮𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗗𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶’𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848) lived a life that seems almost operatic in its emotional trajectory. The world remembers the endless flow…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗭𝗘𝗧 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵 𝗼𝗳 “𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗻” Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875) lived only 36 years, yet his life contains enough drama for several biographies: prodigious…

## 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗻 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿-𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 **Jean Martinon (1910–1976)** remains one of the most fascinating French musicians of the 20th century:…

## 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘄 𝗦𝗸𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗰𝘇𝗲𝘄𝘀𝗸𝗶 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿, 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮 **Stanisław Skrowaczewski (1923–2017)** was one of the last conductors directly shaped by the Central-European symphonic…

## 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Giacomo Meyerbeer was not merely a successful composer; during the 1830s–1850s he was arguably **the most powerful operatic figure in Europe**. His premieres…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗔 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗚𝗢𝗘𝗦 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗧 — 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗶 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗪𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘀 𝗔𝘁 𝟯𝟳 (𝗜𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗱𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵) Rossini’s “retirement” is one of the most haunting paradoxes in music history: Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)—the most…

𝗚𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 —𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) lived one of the most dramatic and emotionally intense lives of any composer. His operas are filled with passion, tragedy, political tension,…

𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝘁𝘆𝗻𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Leontyne Price (born 1927) is one of the most beloved sopranos in opera history and one of the most important artists of the 20th…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗪𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗡𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 — 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗜𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 If music had a genetic code, Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) would be one…

# ***Sviatoslav, Anna and Theophil Richter. ***

𝗦𝘃𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿 𝗥𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 — 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗢𝗽𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Few comparisons in piano history are as fascinating as the contrast between Sviatoslav Richter (1915–1997) and Artur Rubinstein (1887–1982). Both were giants…

𝗦𝘃𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 (1915–1997) — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter was born 20 March 1915 in Zhytomyr (then Russian Empire, today Ukraine) and died 1 August 1997 in Moscow. His life spans…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Franz Schubert (1797–1828) lived one of the most poignant lives in music history. Unlike Mendelssohn, he was not wealthy, famous, or widely celebrated during…

# **German composer and teacher Eduard Marxsen (1806-1887) ** Marxsen is primarily remembered as the **teacher of Johannes Brahms** , whom he taught piano and composition in Hamburg. His influence was so significant that…

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Felix Mendelssohn’s life reads like a luminous novel of the Romantic era: a child prodigy raised in privilege, a tireless traveler, a charming social…