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𝐃𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐨𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 There are conductors who dominate by sheer authority, and there are conductors whose greatness seems to come from something…

𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗝𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗟𝗬 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 The operatic repertory is not a neutral museum of masterpieces. It is the result of institutional tradition, language, economics, star singers, political history, editorial availability and theatrical…

𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗡𝗜𝗘𝗧𝗭𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗡𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘇𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟰–𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟬 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗡𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘇𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲 was not only one of the most influential philosophers of the modern age; he was also one of the thinkers…

𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗕𝗬𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝘆𝗿𝗼𝗻, born George Gordon Byron in London on 22 January 1788 and dead at Missolonghi, Greece, on 19 April 1824, was one of the most…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 The transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music was not a simple replacement of one style by another. It was a deep…

# **CHURCH MUSIC (V)** **(Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** ## The C-minor Mass in Context: Between Bach and Beethoven It has been said—entirely rightly—that this unfinished Mass stands **midway between…

# **A History of opera – Milestones and Metamorphoses by Burton D. Fisher (Music Art Ebook) ** **Complete Book: ** [https://classicalarchive.org/a-history-of-opera-milestones-and-metamorphoses-by-burton-d-fisher-music-art-ebook/](https://classicalarchive.org/a-history-of-opera-milestones-and-metamorphoses-by-burton-d-fisher-music-art-ebook/)** ** A History of Opera – Milestones and Metamorphoses presents opera not as…

𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗦 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗬 𝗧𝗢 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗘𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 was born in Zurich on 11 November 1944. He was the only son of the conductor 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 and his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 (𝗜𝗜𝗜) “𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘄𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀” (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟱: 𝗔 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 By 1822, Berlin had become one of the 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲, alive with the spirit…

# **Generation Harmonia Mundi - The Age of Revolutions - Box Set 16CDs ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/generation-mundi-153016116?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/generation-mundi-153016116?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) CD 1-2 – *A Passion for the Organ* Historic organs from Trujillo, Malaucène, Brescia & Trebel CD 3 –…

# **Jacopo Peri (1561–1633)** **Jacopo Peri** occupies a unique and permanent place in music history as one of the **inventors of opera**. Composer, singer, organist, and court musician, he stood at the center of…

𝗕𝗘𝗬𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙’𝗦 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 The music of 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳 is instantly recognizable: long-breathed melodies, darkly glowing harmonies, immense climaxes, tolling bells, dense piano textures and an almost…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟴 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱, 𝗗𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗿𝘂𝗶𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗻𝘀𝗲𝘁 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲 When 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 returned…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻-𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿-𝗢𝗹𝗱 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘆, 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 In the summer of 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟱, the future of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 remained uncertain. He was fifteen years…

𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗟𝗙 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 — 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗘𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗦𝗧, 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗬 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗔𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗳 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 was born in Freiburg im Breisgau on 30 June 1853. He became one of the leading German classical archaeologists…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡: 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗕𝗨𝗧𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗡 The 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 in 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 stands in the 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻, one of the city’s great historic parks. It is one…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗡ä𝗻𝗶𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘇𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗔𝗻𝗱…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗦𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵’𝘀 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩 Chapter V of C.…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗘𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗱𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗳 𝗔 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗔𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 Chapter II…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗’𝗦 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 Opera has always lived at the crossroads of several arts. It is music, theatre, poetry, painting, gesture, architecture, and psychological drama…

𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗚 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖, 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴, born 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴 on 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵 in 𝗦𝘁. 𝗚𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻, Switzerland, and deceased on 𝟭𝟲 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟭 in…

𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗢 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗛𝗢𝗙𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗛𝘂𝗴𝗼 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗹 was one of the most refined literary minds of fin-de-siècle Vienna and one of the greatest librettists in the…

𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘁, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The relationship between 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is one of the most revealing,…

𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐝 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤: 𝐁𝐢𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲, 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬, 𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐝𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐝 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤, later known as 𝐑𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤, was born on 𝟐 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟒 in 𝐄𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐡, near Berching in the Upper Palatinate, and died on…