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𝗥𝗲𝗻é 𝗝𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗯𝘀 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗹𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 Haydn : Symphony No.92 in G major, Hob.I:92 "Oxford" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Np1SSUPR6gQ…

𝐒𝐞𝐦𝐲𝐨𝐧 𝐁𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐤𝐨𝐯: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐝𝐲 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors whose greatness lies in polish, and there are others whose art seems born from fracture, displacement, and the hard-won…

𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗬: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗘 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 (1930–1950) 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆 (1930–2000) was born in Vienna on 8 April 1930, a city whose operatic traditions…

# **The Duel of Giants: Porpora and Handel in London ** London in the 1730s: An Operatic Battleground By the early 1730s, London had become the most lucrative and volatile operatic capital in Europe.…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟰): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 was born on 𝟭𝟬…

𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗰𝗚𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟬): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗝𝗼𝘆𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝘆, 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗰𝗚𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻, often affectionately known as…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴: 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟲–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟳) When Handel left Hamburg in the autumn of 1706, he was not fleeing failure. He was leaving behind a…

𝑍𝑂𝐿𝑇𝐴𝑁 𝐾𝑂𝐷𝐴𝐿𝑌 — 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝑆𝑂𝑈𝐿 𝑂𝐹 𝐻𝑈𝑁𝐺𝐴𝑅𝑌: 𝐹𝑂𝐿𝐾, 𝐹𝐼𝑅𝐸 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐸𝐷𝑈𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑅𝐸𝑉𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐖𝐀𝐘 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 (1882–1900) 𝐙𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐲 (1882–1967) was born on 16 December 1882 in Kecskemét, Hungary, into…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗨.𝗦. 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟴 (𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟲) The American premiere of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟴 𝗶𝗻 𝗘-𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 — the famous “𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱” — occurred on 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵…

# **The premiere of his *****Eighth Symphony***** in the United States, which was conducted by Leopold Stokowski and performed by 1068 musicians. ** The event you refer to took place in **1916**. ## The…

# **CHURCH MUSIC (V)** **(Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** ## The C-minor Mass in Context: Between Bach and Beethoven It has been said—entirely rightly—that this unfinished Mass stands **midway between…

# **Wolfgang Sawallisch — Anecdotes and Curiosities from a Life in Music (1923–2013)** **1. A Bavarian Childhood Marked by Discipline and Silence** Wolfgang Sawallisch was born on **August 26, 1923, in Munich**, into a…

𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗟, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗠 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗 Few conductors in the twentieth century had a relationship with orchestral musicians as intense, productive, controversial, and psychologically complex as 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟴–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 3 is one of the decisive transition chapters…

𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗧 𝗡𝗜𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗟 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗨𝗡𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 20 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 1. 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘄𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝘀𝗼𝗶𝗹 Birgit Nilsson was born Märta Birgit Svensson on 17 May 1918 in Västra Karup, Sweden,…

𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 – 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗫 𝗗𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘 (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟰) 𝗔 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 By 1884, Claude Debussy was no longer merely a gifted Conservatoire student showing flashes of…

𝐌𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐀 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐑’𝐒 𝐃𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐍𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀…

𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1912–1947) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓: 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 (1912) 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢 (1912–1997) was born György Stern on 21…

𝗘𝗨𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗬 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗕𝗨𝗗𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗚𝗬 𝗧𝗢 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗 The rise of 𝗘𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘆 (1899–1985) from a Budapest violin prodigy to one of the most influential orchestral conductors of the twentieth…

𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗔 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟯–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵) — 𝗔 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 𝗔𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 was one of the most dazzling operatic figures of the nineteenth century, a singer whose name became almost synonymous with vocal beauty, aristocratic glamour, and…

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐋𝐋𝐈 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟗–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟎): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Sir John Barbirolli (1899–1970) was born Giovanni Battista Barbirolli in London on 2 December 1899 and died there on 29 July…

# **Handel - Lotario - Opera - 1729 **- **Laurence Cummings ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-lotario-145844033?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-lotario-145844033?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) *Lotario* was composed in **1729–1730** and occupies a pivotal position in **Handel’s London operatic career**. It was written immediately after the…

# **Handel - Lotario - Attilio Cremonesi ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-lotario-144573739?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-lotario-144573739?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) ## **I. A Turbulent Operatic Climate in London (1729) and the End of an Era** When Handel composed *Lotario*, he was navigating one of the…

# **Handel - Rodelinda - Opera - 1725 - Laurence Cummings ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-rodelinda-144572124?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-rodelinda-144572124?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) ## **I. The Operatic Climate in London and Handel’s Position (1724–1725)** When Handel undertook the composition of *Rodelinda*, he stood at…