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# **Robert Donington’s *****Baroque Music: Style and Performance*****, ** Robert Donington’s ***Baroque Music: Style and Performance***, subtitled ***A Handbook***, was published in **1982**. The bibliographical record shows two closely related editions that year: a…

**𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐆 (1907–1978): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐃 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄** Karl Ilyich Eliasberg was born in **Minsk on 10 June 1907** and died in **Leningrad on 12 February 1978**. In the broad history of…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗭𝗭𝗢-𝗦𝗢𝗣𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 (1928–1945) 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 (1928–2021) was born on 16 March 1928 in Berlin into a deeply musical household.…

𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗬: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗘 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 (1930–1950) 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆 (1930–2000) was born in Vienna on 8 April 1930, a city whose operatic traditions…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 - 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐇𝐨𝐠𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝, 𝐉𝐚𝐚𝐩 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-hogwood-138363908?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧: 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐇𝐨𝐠𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝, 𝐉𝐚𝐚𝐩 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐫ö𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤…

𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 & 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃, 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐘𝐋𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇: 𝐍𝐎 “𝐃𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍,” 𝐁𝐔𝐓 𝐀 𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 There is no direct, personal…

𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐇𝐔𝐍𝐆𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄’𝐒 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 (1855–1895) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇, 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐘 (1855–1873) 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫 𝐍𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡 (1855–1922) was born on 12 October…

𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐌 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄: 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐌 𝐕𝐒. 𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐈. 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 (1894–1981) and 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧 (1908–1989) stood as…

𝐊𝐈𝐑𝐈𝐋𝐋 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐑𝐀𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐍 — 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄, 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐅𝐋𝐀𝐌𝐄: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐇𝐀𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏) 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐊 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐓 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 (𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖) By the late 1970s, 𝐊𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏) was already…

𝐘𝐄𝐕𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐘 𝐒𝐕𝐄𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐕 — 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄, 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀: 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬) 𝐘𝐞𝐯𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐯 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐) was born on 6 September 1928 in…

𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟐) A Deep and Expansive Portrait of the Man Behind the Baton 𝐈. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐲𝐞𝐬 — “𝐇𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐔𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐚𝐳𝐞” One of the most persistent…

𝗝𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗔 𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗞𝗶𝗲𝘃 𝘁𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 The artistic personality of 𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (1898–1973) was formed far from the glare of the international…

𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗪𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛𝗦 Few conductors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries combined intellectual rigor, aristocratic poise, and polemical courage as strikingly…

𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 The relationship between 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 (1886–1954) and 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘂 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲 (1912–1996) is one of the most consequential mentor–successor dynamics in twentieth-century conducting. It…

𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗕𝗨𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗗𝗨𝗘𝗟 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗟 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 The relationship between 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 (1908–1989) and 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘂 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲 (1912–1996) stands among the most psychologically charged rivalries in twentieth-century…

## **𝗩𝗮́𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗧𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗵: 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱** **𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝘆 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁** Before he ever held a baton, Talich dreamed of becoming a violin virtuoso. As a…

𝗟𝗘𝗜𝗙 𝗦𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗠 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗟𝗘𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗕𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘 Leif Segerstam (1944–2024) was one of the most unconventional conductors in modern classical music. He was not only a conductor but also a prolific composer,…

## What “reference recording” means in Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony When critics speak of “reference recordings” of **Symphony No. 9**, they are usually comparing interpretations that, by different paths, solve (or illuminate) four enormous challenges:…

# **Willem Mengelberg and Gustav Mahler — Truths and Myths** ## 1. Historical Meeting and First Encounters The relationship between **Willem Mengelberg (1871–1951)** and **Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)** is one of the most fascinating artistic…

𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗶𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶 — 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘆 Carlo Maria Giulini (1914–2005) developed one of the most distinctive and spiritually intense conducting styles of the twentieth century. Unlike many conductors who…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟 𝗞𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗡 Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (1914–1981) was one of the most compelling conductors of the 20th century, a musician whose…

# **Tarquinio Merula (1595–1665)** Tarquinio Merula belongs to that fascinating generation of composers who lived in the **shadow of Monteverdi yet helped transform the Baroque revolution into a living musical language**. His music feels…

𝐓𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐢 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐨 — 𝐀 𝐓𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 The artistic relationship between Arturo Toscanini (1867–1957) and Enrico Caruso (1873–1921) represents one of the most powerful collaborations in operatic history. Their partnership united the most…

# **Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643)** **Girolamo Frescobaldi** was one of the most influential keyboard composers of the Baroque era and a towering figure in the history of **organ and harpsichord music**. His innovations shaped the…