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𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗢 𝗧𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘇𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 The professional relationship between 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 and 𝗟𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 belonged to one of the highest moments of twentieth-century operatic interpretation. Toscanini, born…

𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗝𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗺, born in 𝗞𝗶𝘁𝘁𝘀𝗲𝗲 on 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟮𝟴, 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟭, and deceased in 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 on 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟱, 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳, was a 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝘃𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿. He is considered 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝘀…

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗞, 𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗞𝗦 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 lived through his senses with a physicality that matched the density, warmth, and grain of his music. He was not an…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 — 𝗦𝗨𝗖𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿: 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴) With Chapter 11, Schubert’s…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 — 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳) If the…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗶𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗮𝗵𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 Cosima Liszt — better known to history as 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 — died in Bayreuth on 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟭,…

Cosima Liszt / Franz Liszt / Richard Wagner

1870: Writer, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲 𝗱𝗲 𝗙𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘆, 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲 𝗱’𝗔𝗴𝗼𝘂𝗹𝘁 (1805–1876), pseudonym 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻, mistress of the composer 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, and mother of 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮, who became the wife of 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿. (Photo by Three Lions/Getty Images)

Dear friends, Many of you have followed my publications with extraordinary generosity, interest, and kindness, and for that I am truly grateful. Preparing these posts takes time: reading, selecting sources, writing, revising, choosing images,…

Franz Liszt, 1866

𝗔 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲́𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁. 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗹𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁: 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿, 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇, 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘆, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁. 𝗟𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗯𝘆 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟲.

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟯), 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝘁 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗛𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝗵𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝘆𝗿𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗵. 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿: 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿. 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁: 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿. 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁: 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝘂̈𝗹𝗼𝘄.

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 𝗖𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹.

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 (𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝟮) 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀, 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗳𝘁 𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗸𝗳𝗿𝗲𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲) If the first half of Schubert’s expanding world was marked by…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹, 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲, 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗜)…

𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 - 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗞𝗼𝗻𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗻𝘆 Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major, WAB 104 Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, Franz Konwitschny

𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 - 𝗣𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘂𝘅 𝟭 Franck: Symphony In D Minor, Op. 48: III. Allegro Non Troppo 9:42 Debussy: Images for Orchestra, L. 122 San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Pierre Monteux

𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 - 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗞𝗻𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀𝗯𝘂𝘀𝗰𝗵 Wagner: Der Fliegende Holländer: Ouverture Wagner: Tannhäuser: Ouverture And Venusberg Music Wagner: Die Walküre: Valkyrie Ride Wagner: Siegfried: Forest Murmurs Wagner: Parsifal: Prelude Wagner: Parsifal: Transformations…

Franz Liszt statue outside of the Hungarian National Opera House - Budapest

Bust of Franz Liszt in Margaret Island (Budapest)

𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮 — 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘇 was born in 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟭 and was baptized as 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀, although throughout his life he would be known by many variations of that name: 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻ç𝗼𝗶𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼, and…

𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐳𝐭, 𝐇𝐮𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭, 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟗. 𝐎𝐢𝐥 𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐯𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐫𝐢 𝐋𝐞𝐡𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧.

𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐳𝐭 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐉𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐡 𝐈 𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐁𝐨̈𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨. 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐮𝐧𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧.

Franz Liszt in 1830. Unsigned oil painting.