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𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐊𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐟𝐟: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐲𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are pianists whose greatness is built on force, brilliance, or spectacle, and there are others whose authority comes from something…

𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗲𝗹 (𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀) 𝟭. 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 Even as a boy, Arthur Schnabel astonished his…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪Ä𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 — 𝟮𝟬 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗕𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 The list below is built mainly from documented translations of his own essays, colloquia, and Beethoven writings, as cited in a…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟱 — 𝗚𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗭𝗻𝗮𝘁𝘀𝗻𝗼𝗰** **Mozart in Vienna: opera, gossip, love, independence, and the making of a new life** Mozart’s arrival in Vienna in **1781** marked the true…

𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗞𝗡𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗦𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗖𝗛 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝘂𝗴𝗴𝗮𝗻’𝘀 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 https://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2001/oct01/knappertsbusch.htm Tony Duggan presents this 6-CD set as a highly valuable historical document rather than a first-choice modern recommendation. Its importance lies above all…

𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 - 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼 𝟭 𝗢𝗽. 𝟮𝟯 - 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗮 𝗔𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 - 𝗞𝗶𝗿𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗞𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗻 - 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗥𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗸𝘀 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCWH-xbLImc 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 – 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟭, 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺 (𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄) 𝗜. 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆'𝘀…

𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗵: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗵 never intended to be a conductor. He began as a violinist—gifted, gentle, and lyrical. In fact,…

𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗥𝗼𝘇𝗵𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆 (1931–2018) – 𝗣𝗮𝗮𝘃𝗼 𝗝𝗮̈𝗿𝘃𝗶 (1962– ) and 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗝𝗮̈𝗿𝘃𝗶 (1937– ) 𝟭. 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗥𝗼𝘇𝗵𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆 (1931–2018) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗝𝗮̈𝗿𝘃𝗶 (1937– ) A collegial and respectful relationship between two influential conductors of…

𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 - 𝟵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 - 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝟮𝟳-𝟯𝟴, 𝗘𝗠𝗜) https://www.patreon.com/posts/beethoven-9-27-139871885?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐅𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐱 𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Felix Weingartner remains one of the most important Beethoven conductors in recording history because…

𝐁𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Bruno Walter’s Beethoven and Brahms stand at the heart of the central Austro-German symphonic tradition on record, but his legacy in the two…

𝐉𝐚𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐚 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Jascha Horenstein is one of the indispensable Mahler conductors, but his Mahler legacy is not a neat studio cycle. It is a constellation of major…

𝐄𝐔𝐆𝐄𝐍 𝐉𝐎𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐌 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐏𝐈𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐄𝐑 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐓𝐇, 𝐅𝐋𝐎𝐖, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐕𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐄𝐮𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐦 (𝟏 𝐍𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐 – 𝟐𝟔 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟎 — 𝐍𝐨 𝐕𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞** **𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐳𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠 𝐋𝐞𝐟𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝: 𝐀 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧** When **Wolfgang Mozart** and his mother **Maria Anna Mozart** left Salzburg in **September 1777**, this…

𝐄𝐮𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐌𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐤𝐲: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐀𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐈𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡, 𝐅𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐝 Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Mravinsky was born in Saint Petersburg on 4 June 1903, into a family of aristocratic and artistic background. He…

𝐖𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐌 𝐕𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐓𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐎𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐃𝐔𝐓𝐂𝐇 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐎𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐒 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐨𝐨 (𝟐𝟕 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟕 –…

𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈 (𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟑–𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟑): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713) was born on 17 February 1653 in Fusignano, in the Papal States, and died on 8 January 1713 in…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨.𝟑 “𝐄𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐚” - 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 - 𝐖𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐫 - 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟒 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbHD189DAp0&t=234s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbxD-_yNIKw (Good Sound) The 1944 Vienna performance of Beethoven’s Third Symphony conducted by Wilhelm Furtwangler with the Wiener Philharmoniker is…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨.𝟑 - 𝐀𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2053627 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘, “𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀”: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 Beethoven’s Third Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 55, universally known as the “Eroica”, stands at…

𝐆𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐯 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟕: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐇𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚’𝐬 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐀 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐞 For Gustav Mahler, 1897 was not merely another year in a successful conducting career. It was…

# **Robert Donington’s *****Baroque Music: Style and Performance*****, ** Robert Donington’s ***Baroque Music: Style and Performance***, subtitled ***A Handbook***, was published in **1982**. The bibliographical record shows two closely related editions that year: a…

**𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐆 (1907–1978): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐃 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄** Karl Ilyich Eliasberg was born in **Minsk on 10 June 1907** and died in **Leningrad on 12 February 1978**. In the broad history of…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 - 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐇𝐨𝐠𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝, 𝐉𝐚𝐚𝐩 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-hogwood-138363908?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧: 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐇𝐨𝐠𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝, 𝐉𝐚𝐚𝐩 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐫ö𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤…

𝐘𝐄𝐕𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐘 𝐒𝐕𝐄𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐕 — 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄, 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀: 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬) 𝐘𝐞𝐯𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐯 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐) was born on 6 September 1928 in…

𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟐) A Deep and Expansive Portrait of the Man Behind the Baton 𝐈. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐲𝐞𝐬 — “𝐇𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐔𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐚𝐳𝐞” One of the most persistent…