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𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆 𝐏𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐏 𝐓𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 (𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟕): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Georg Philipp Telemann (1681–1767) was born in Magdeburg on 14 March 1681 and died in Hamburg on 25 June 1767. He…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 9 — Breaking** **1) Salzburg Stagnation and the Weight of Dependence** After Munich, **Mozart returned to Salzburg still without a meaningful future**. He had no major post beyond…

𝐌𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐀 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐑’𝐒 𝐃𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐍𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 8 — Inertia** **1) Back in Salzburg: Success Without Direction** When **Leopold and Wolfgang returned from Italy in March 1773**, they brought back prestige but **no new…

𝐆𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐯 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟕: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐇𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚’𝐬 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐀 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐞 For Gustav Mahler, 1897 was not merely another year in a successful conducting career. It was…

# **The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Music ** ***The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Music*** was published by **Cambridge University Press in 2009**, under the editorship of **Simon P. Keefe**. Cambridge’s own record identifies the…

# **George J. Buelow — A History of Baroque Music** George J. Buelow’s ***A History of Baroque Music*** was published in **2004** by **Indiana University Press** in Bloomington. The standard bibliographic record gives the…

The relationship between 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰ä𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 and 𝐀𝐭𝐚ú𝐥𝐟𝐨 𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚 was not that of master and formal disciple in the strict documentary sense, nor was it a long public partnership built on frequent joint projects. What…

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐍𝐈𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐃 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞, 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟓 — 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐛𝐲𝐬𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐫 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐬𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐚 were not…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 7 — *****Exsultate, Jubilate*** **1) Salzburg Again: Return, Frustration, and the Sense of Confinement** When **Leopold and Wolfgang returned to Salzburg on 28 March 1771**, the city…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗭𝗭𝗢-𝗦𝗢𝗣𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 (1928–1945) 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 (1928–2021) was born on 16 March 1928 in Berlin into a deeply musical household.…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐢 𝐟𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐞 - 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 / 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐮𝐬, 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟, 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠, 𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐤, 𝐀𝐥𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐨 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬, 𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞 𝐓𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐢, 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐲 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-cosi-fan-152550466?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦’𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐢 𝐟𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐞: 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐃𝐢𝐞 𝐙𝐚𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐞 - 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫, 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 - 𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐢 𝐆𝐞𝐝𝐝𝐚, 𝐆𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐳, 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐲, 𝐋𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐚 𝐏𝐨𝐩𝐩, 𝐆𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐨𝐛 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤, 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐂𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐬, 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟, 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠, 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐚 𝐇ö𝐟𝐟𝐠𝐞𝐧, 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫, 𝐀𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐆𝐢𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥, 𝐑𝐮𝐭𝐡-𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐭 𝐏ü𝐭𝐳,…

# **The Vivaldi Case. Federico María Sardelli. Turner Editions. Madrid, 2017** The specialist in the Venetian composer **Antonio Vivaldi**, **Federico María Sardelli**, has created in *The Vivaldi Case* a web of historical intrigue that…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆: 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲: 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 (1678–1693) Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice in 1678, in a city where…

𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 & 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃, 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐘𝐋𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇: 𝐍𝐎 “𝐃𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍,” 𝐁𝐔𝐓 𝐀 𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 There is no direct, personal…

𝐋𝐄𝐎𝐒 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐂𝐄𝐊 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐋𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒: 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘, 𝐎𝐁𝐒𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 (1890s–1928) 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐆𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐄 (1890s–1903) By the 1890s, 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐬 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐤 (1854–1928) was already a respected…

𝐋𝐄𝐎𝐒 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐂𝐄𝐊 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 (1854–1888) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐀 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐆𝐄 (1854–1865) 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐬 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐤 (1854–1928) was born on 3 July 1854 in Hukvaldy, Moravia…

𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐌 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄: 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐌 𝐕𝐒. 𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐈. 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 (1894–1981) and 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧 (1908–1989) stood as…

𝐘𝐄𝐕𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐘 𝐒𝐕𝐄𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐕 — 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄, 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀: 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬) 𝐘𝐞𝐯𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐯 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐) was born on 6 September 1928 in…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 — CHAPTER 3 — “Das Königreich Rücken” (The Kingdom of Back): Leopold’s European Campaign, 1763–1764** **1) The “Duty to God” and the Will to Conquer Europe** Leopold Mozart left Salzburg…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗭𝗘𝗟𝗟 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗡 𝗜𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 The early career of 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝘇𝗲𝗹𝗹 (1897–1970) reads less like the meteoric story of a flamboyant prodigy and more like the steady forging of one…

𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗟 𝗚𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗟𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗧 𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 The emergence of 𝗘𝗺𝗶𝗹 𝗚𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗹𝘀 (1916–1985) as one of the twentieth century’s most formidable pianists was neither sudden nor accidental. His early years reveal a…

MOZART BIOGRAPHY , JAN SWAFFORD: ## 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭 — 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵: 𝗳𝗲𝗮𝗿, 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 The chapter opens with an intimate, almost confessional…