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𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗡𝗢. 𝟮 𝗜𝗡 𝗖 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗥, “𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗨𝗥𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡”: 𝗔 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗢𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛, 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝘆𝗰𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 (Audio Recordings in Patreon): https://www.patreon.com/collection/2129266 Gustav Mahler’s…

𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗧𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟰 – 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟮, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 The world of classical music says goodbye to 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗧𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀, one of the most distinctive, imaginative, and influential conductors of his generation. He…

𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗚𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗗: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 20 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 1. 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 Kirsten Malfrid Flagstad was born on 12 July 1895 in Hamar, Norway, and died on 7 December 1962…

𝐔𝐧𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐓𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐇𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝐚 𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 Going to a concert hall or opera house can be one of life’s most moving experiences. Live classical music offers beauty, concentration, presence, and…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗻, 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗲 — 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟬 𝗔 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗻 Ludwig van Beethoven was born in a modest dwelling at Bonngasse 20, in the small but culturally…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚 𝗩𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 (𝗜) “𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗻” (𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟯) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 Ludwig van Beethoven was born on the night of 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟲, 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟬, in…

𝐇𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐳: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐦 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐀 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 There are composers who refine an existing language, and there are others who seem to arrive almost…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆: 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗙𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗿 𝗜𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗮 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗱𝘆.…

𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘀: 𝗚𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲 (𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟰–𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟴) Ignaz Moscheles was born on 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟯𝟬, 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟰, in Prague, then part of the Habsburg Empire, into a well-educated German-speaking Jewish…

𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗕𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘇𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗕𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿 (1644–1704) was one of the most imaginative and influential composers of the Baroque era, and 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁…

𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲 (c. 1637–1707) was one of the most influential composers of the North German Baroque and 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗧𝗢𝗗𝗔𝗬 𝗜 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝟲𝟰 — 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗘 Today I celebrate my 64th birthday, and I would like to share this moment with all of you. It is also a special milestone because…

𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐓 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟕) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐋𝐎𝐖 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐇 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐀 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭 (𝟑 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎 – 𝟕 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲…

𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐝𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧’𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐈: 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞, 𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝟏. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐓𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖) At the age of 10, Bernstein’s aunt Clara gave the family her…

𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐔𝐗 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 — 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝐏𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞…

𝐋𝐄𝐎𝐒 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐂𝐄𝐊 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 (1854–1888) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐀 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐆𝐄 (1854–1865) 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐬 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐤 (1854–1928) was born on 3 July 1854 in Hukvaldy, Moravia…

𝐒𝐀𝐌𝐔𝐈𝐋 𝐒𝐀𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐔𝐃 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐒: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐊𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐂𝐇’𝐒 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐔𝐌𝐏𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟒) 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟑) 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐮𝐢𝐥 𝐀𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐮𝐝 (1884–1964) was born on 14 May 1884 in Odessa, then part…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗭𝗘𝗟𝗟 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗡 𝗜𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 The early career of 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝘇𝗲𝗹𝗹 (1897–1970) reads less like the meteoric story of a flamboyant prodigy and more like the steady forging of one…

𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗟 𝗚𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗟𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗧 𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 The emergence of 𝗘𝗺𝗶𝗹 𝗚𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗹𝘀 (1916–1985) as one of the twentieth century’s most formidable pianists was neither sudden nor accidental. His early years reveal a…

## **The Final Year of Gioachino Rossini: Serenity, Memory, and the Last Curtain (1867–1868)** The last year of **Gioachino Rossini’s** life unfolded not in the theatrical blaze that had once defined his fame, but…

𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗨𝗡𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 The early conducting career of 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗵 (1891–1968) is one of the most distinctive developmental stories in twentieth-century musical life. Unlike many great conductors who…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 — 𝗡𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗭𝗛𝗗𝗔 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗖𝗞, 𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬 ## 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘇𝗵𝗱𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗲𝗰𝗸: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗼, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝘁, 𝗴𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘂𝘀𝘀𝘆 𝗮 “𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵” (𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟬 / 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟮)…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗨𝗥𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗬 𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 Few conductors in the history of classical music generated such fascination, admiration, controversy, and myth as Herbert von Karajan.…

# **Francesco Antonio Bonporti (1672–1749)** **Francesco Antonio Bonporti** was an Italian Baroque composer and priest whose music became surprisingly influential—especially through its later association with **Johann Sebastian Bach**, who studied and even copied some…