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𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟱 — 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗠 The word 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗵 has become almost inseparable from Robert Schumann’s name. It is more than…

# 𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 — “…𝗜𝗧 𝗪𝗔𝗦 𝗔𝗟𝗪𝗔𝗬𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖” ## 𝗔 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗙ü𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘂𝗲𝗿 Few conductors of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries transformed musical interpretation as radically as…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 — 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡’𝗦 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘 — 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗜𝗧 𝗜𝗡𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗟𝗬 There was always something dramatic…

𝗦𝗘𝗜𝗝𝗜 𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗪𝗔 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Seiji Ozawa was one of the most internationally influential conductors of the post-war era. His art united rhythmic precision, luminous orchestral colour, exceptional transparency and an instinctive…

𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲’𝘀 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 This celebrated portrait was painted in Vienna by 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲, an actor and amateur painter who was also Mozart’s brother-in-law through his marriage to 𝗔𝗹𝗼𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗮…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗦𝗘𝗚𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗜𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗠 Few minor figures in musical history have exercised such a decisive influence over the fate of a masterpiece…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯𝟭 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗬 ════════════════════════════ 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 After the extraordinary resurgence of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿, Solomon turns to the chapter that every…

𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗦𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗧𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟮𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 No ranking of The Planets can be entirely objective. Some recordings stand out for their historical authority, others for the violence of Mars, the spirituality of…

𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 – “𝗟𝗲𝘀 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗻𝘀” – 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗲, 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟮, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟯 – 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘆 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁, 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘆 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁, 𝗝𝗼𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗟𝗼𝘂𝗶𝘀 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗼, 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗗𝘂𝗻𝗻 – 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 – 𝗥𝗮𝗳𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗹í𝗸 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKyTJWfxMuM The…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗨 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Sergiu Celibidache occupies a unique and paradoxical position in the history of recorded performance. Few major conductors distrusted recording technology more profoundly, yet few left behind such…

𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Erich Kleiber was one of the great representatives of the Central European conducting tradition, yet he never belonged comfortably to any single school. His performances combined rhythmic…

𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗟 𝗕𝗢̈𝗛𝗠 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Karl Böhm’s reputation rests above all upon Mozart, Richard Strauss, Wagner, Schubert and Bruckner. He was neither a cultivator of orchestral glamour in the Karajan manner nor…

𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Herbert von Karajan left one of the largest recorded legacies of any conductor. He repeatedly returned to the same compositions, sometimes recording them three or four…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 Johannes Brahms is often portrayed as the great conservative of nineteenth-century music: the guardian of Classical form, the heir of Bach,…

𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧, 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Felix Mendelssohn has often been admired for his elegance and simultaneously underestimated because of it. His music appears so lucid, balanced…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟴 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗬 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗧 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗔𝗞𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗗 After 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱, Solomon turns to one of the strangest and most…

𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗝𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗟𝗬 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 The operatic repertory is not a neutral museum of masterpieces. It is the result of institutional tradition, language, economics, star singers, political history, editorial availability and theatrical…

𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟰 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟭, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗺 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗻, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟭 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟱, 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗲, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆: 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 was one of the most cultivated and versatile musical figures of the nineteenth century:…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟬 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 After the dazzling public world of 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗢, Solomon pauses to ask a deceptively simple…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 — 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗢𝗞 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 To understand Robert Schumann, one must begin with a simple…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 — 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗼𝗻’𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁: 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 is one of the most influential, ambitious, and debated Mozart biographies of the late…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗢 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗥 After 𝗔𝗗𝗔𝗠, the symbolic chapter of self-renaming, Mozart enters a more practical and public phase…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗭𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗠 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗠 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟱 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟯, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘁𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟯 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲, 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘀𝗿𝘂𝗵𝗲, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗶 was one of the…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗜𝗟: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗔𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟵 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟱, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟳, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 was one…