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𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗬𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗠 𝟭𝟲𝟲𝟭–𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟵 The Palace of Versailles was never simply a royal residence, nor even merely the most spectacular architectural expression of French absolutism. From the moment Louis XIV began transforming…

𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗥𝗲-𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹'𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗪.𝗔. 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗢𝗥𝗙 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘀 - 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀, 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗹𝗮,…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘆 𝗔𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 The 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 represents one of the most extraordinary hereditary musical lineages in European history. It was not simply a family…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁, 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 Bruno Walter was one of the great moral figures of twentieth-century conducting. He was not merely a…

𝗜𝗚𝗡𝗔𝗭 𝗕𝗥Ü𝗟𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 - 𝗔 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’ 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹: 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟭 & 𝟮 (𝗛𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝟮𝟬) - 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗲 · 𝗕𝗕𝗖 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 · 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘆𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗯𝗶𝗻𝘀 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b47TB6Gzazo&list=OLAK5uy_noSE2WG3-DFsBRUfekAfCkTbum4NFpTyA&index=1 𝗜.…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 was born on 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟮𝟲, 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟯, in 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻, into one of…

𝗙𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺, 𝗡𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗴𝗶𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗼𝗺 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿 was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮, 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟱, in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, one…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗺𝘂𝗸 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗹 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻, 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗴𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳…

𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗔 𝗧𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗗𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗲𝘀𝗮𝗿𝗼 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗧𝗲𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗶 was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟮, in 𝗣𝗲𝘀𝗮𝗿𝗼, the same Adriatic city that had once…

𝗣𝗔𝗨𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗢𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝟮𝟱 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗼𝘁 𝗚𝗮𝗿𝗰í𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗼𝘁 was far more than one of the greatest mezzo-sopranos of the nineteenth century. She was a 𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲, a singer whose intelligence, dramatic instinct,…

𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵: 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗙𝗨𝗟𝗟 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗬 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟳–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴) When Handel arrived in 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲 in 1707, he entered one of the great artistic capitals of Europe—but under conditions that…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - **𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗜𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗔𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 In February 1785, 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 came to Vienna and found, not the impulsive rebel…

𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle was far more than a world’s fair. It was a vast theatrical display of modern civilization, a place where nations exhibited…

𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗪𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 - 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 - 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶 𝗮 𝗱𝘂𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗶 - 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗹𝗰𝗵𝘆𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘁 (𝗔𝗔𝗠, 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱) https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-water-for-155294563?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗪𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶 𝗮 𝗱𝘂𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗶,…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗨𝗥 𝗥𝗨𝗕𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟬) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗶𝗻 Łó𝗱ź (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟱) Arthur Rubinstein was born on January 28, 1887, in Łódź, then part of the Russian Empire (now Poland), into a cultured…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟲 — 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀: 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵** **𝗜. 𝗔 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁, 𝗔 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁** Swafford begins this chapter with a striking…

𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲 (c. 1637–1707) was one of the most influential composers of the North German Baroque and 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 (𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟲, 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟳) 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 – 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗭𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗳 Johannes Brahms, one of the towering figures of Romantic music, passed away on April 3, 1897, at the age of…

𝐈𝐯𝐚́𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 There are conductors who impose order, and there are others who seem to reinvent what an orchestra can be. 𝐈𝐯𝐚́𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫 belongs…

𝐒𝐞𝐦𝐲𝐨𝐧 𝐁𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐤𝐨𝐯: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐝𝐲 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors whose greatness lies in polish, and there are others whose art seems born from fracture, displacement, and the hard-won…

𝐃𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐨𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 There are conductors who dominate by sheer authority, and there are conductors whose greatness seems to come from something…

𝐂𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐒 𝐊𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐈𝐑𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟗) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐇𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 was born in Vienna…

## **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬: Chapter 4 — An Instrument at the Command of Music** **1) From Calais to London: fame arrives first (April 1764)** Nannerl notes the **tides at Calais**, then the family…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗨𝗥𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗬 𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 Few conductors in the history of classical music generated such fascination, admiration, controversy, and myth as Herbert von Karajan.…