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**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟰 — 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻: 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲** **𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗼𝗺** When Mozart arrived in **Vienna in 1781**, he had at last…

𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 - 𝟵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 - 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝟮𝟳-𝟯𝟴, 𝗘𝗠𝗜) https://www.patreon.com/posts/beethoven-9-27-139871885?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐅𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐱 𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Felix Weingartner remains one of the most important Beethoven conductors in recording history because…

𝗧𝗢𝗗𝗔𝗬 𝗜 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝟲𝟰 — 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗘 Today I celebrate my 64th birthday, and I would like to share this moment with all of you. It is also a special milestone because…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - CHAPTER 12 - Ashes ** ## **I. Arrival in Paris: Promise Beneath Gathering Shadows** When **Mozart** and his mother **Maria Anna Mozart** reached **Paris on 23 March 1778**,…

𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐀 𝐏𝐬𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚 There are conductors who win admiration through beauty of sound, others through sheer discipline, and a few who seem…

𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐨𝐬 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 There are conductors who build careers, and there are conductors who become legends almost in spite of…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟎 — 𝐍𝐨 𝐕𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞** **𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐳𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠 𝐋𝐞𝐟𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝: 𝐀 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧** When **Wolfgang Mozart** and his mother **Maria Anna Mozart** left Salzburg in **September 1777**, this…

𝐏𝐘𝐎𝐓𝐑 𝐈𝐋𝐘𝐈𝐂𝐇 𝐓𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐈𝐊𝐎𝐕𝐒𝐊𝐘: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky remains one of the most beloved and emotionally immediate composers in all music history. His works seem to speak…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 7 — *****Exsultate, Jubilate*** **1) Salzburg Again: Return, Frustration, and the Sense of Confinement** When **Leopold and Wolfgang returned to Salzburg on 28 March 1771**, the city…

𝐖𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞 - 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGAKgoclJ6A&t=389s 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠 𝐒𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐮𝐬 — Tristan 𝐊𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐅𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐝 — Isolde 𝐁𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐦 — Brangäne 𝐉𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐟 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐥 — König Marke 𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫-𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐤𝐚𝐮 — Kurwenal 𝐑𝐮𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐟 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐜𝐤 — Seemann /…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 6 — Tralaliera** **1) Italy as Campaign: Leopold’s Grand Strategy** Leopold approached the **Italian tour of 1769–1771** like a **military campaign**. Every practical detail had to serve a…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆: 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲: 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 (1678–1693) Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice in 1678, in a city where…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘀 (1923–1977) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗩𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗮 (1892–1967) formed one of the most artistically electrifying collaborations in mid-20th-century opera, centered above all on La Scala, Milan, in the early 1950s. Their most historic collaboration…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗨 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗: 𝗔 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗢𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗦𝗧𝗬𝗟𝗘 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996) remains one of the most singular figures in twentieth-century conducting. From the beginning…

## **𝗩𝗮́𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗧𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗵: 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱** **𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝘆 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁** Before he ever held a baton, Talich dreamed of becoming a violin virtuoso. As a…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗧 Ernest Ansermet (1883–1969) occupies a unique place in music history because his life intersected with almost every major…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗔 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗚𝗢𝗘𝗦 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗧 — 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗶 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗪𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘀 𝗔𝘁 𝟯𝟳 (𝗜𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗱𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵) Rossini’s “retirement” is one of the most haunting paradoxes in music history: Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)—the most…

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 — 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 To understand Richard Wagner psychologically is to step into a mind that experienced life as an unfolding drama. He did not simply compose operas; he experienced existence itself…

# Austria, Gmunden, Johannes Brahms with wife and daughter of Viktor von Miller zu Aichholz in 1890 The photo was taken in **1890 in Gmunden, Austria**, a lakeside town in Upper Austria that had…

𝐀𝐥𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐥 — 𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐝𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐫 Alfred Brendel was not only one of the most influential pianists of the twentieth century but also one of the most intellectually…

𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐝𝐢 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐨𝐫 Few major composers of the nineteenth century showed such consistent, practical, and deeply personal charity as Giuseppe Verdi. His philanthropy was not occasional generosity…

**Tomaso Albinoni (1671–1751)** was an Italian Baroque composer known for his refined instrumental music and important contributions to the concerto. Born in Venice into a wealthy merchant family, he enjoyed the rare independence of…

**Giuseppe Torelli (1658–1709) **was an Italian Baroque composer and violinist who played a crucial role in the development of the concerto. Born in Verona and active mainly in Bologna, he worked at the Basilica…

# **ARIA AND SONG (I) - (Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** In this chapter—which is something like an **intermezzo**—we approach the final part of our investigation, the chapter devoted to…