Posts / Photos

𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗢 𝗕𝗢𝗜𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗼 𝗕𝗼𝗶𝘁𝗼 was one of the most fascinating figures in nineteenth-century Italian music: poet, composer, critic, librettist, intellectual agitator, and finally the man who…

𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘁, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The relationship between 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is one of the most revealing,…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗩𝗢ŘÁ𝗞 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗣𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀, 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 The relationship between 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻í𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼řá𝗸 is much more difficult to describe than the relationship between Brahms and Dvořák.…

𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗩𝗢ŘÁ𝗞 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗦𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗰 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀, 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗪𝗮𝗿𝗺 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 The relationship between 𝗣𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗿 𝗜𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 and 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻í𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼řá𝗸 was not as long, intimate, or structurally decisive as the…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗩𝗢ŘÁ𝗞 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗮 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗮 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 The influence of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 on 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻í𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼řá𝗸 was never a simple matter of imitation. It was more subtle, more fruitful,…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗠: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗟𝗢𝗬𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗖𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗 The friendship between 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 and 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗝𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗺 belongs among the most significant artistic relationships of the 19th century. It was not…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗢 𝗜𝗡 𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥, 𝗢𝗣. 𝟳𝟳, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗜𝗧𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗘𝗣 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗣𝗛 𝗝𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗠 https://www.patreon.com/collection/2148724 The origins of 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗶𝗻 𝗗 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳𝟳, lead us back to…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦’𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗦, 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥 — 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗘 A reconstruction grounded in letters, recollections by close friends such as Joachim, Clara Schumann, and Billroth, and scattered diary fragments. This is not an…

𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗧, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗘𝗣𝗟𝗬 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was never a composer of easy compliments. His judgments could be abrupt, ironic, severe,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 — 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪Ä𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥, 𝗪𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗥, 𝗧𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥, 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 The 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 in conducting is not a single straight line, but a constellation of moral, architectural, and sonic philosophies inherited from the…

Standing: 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹, 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗚𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹'𝘀 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿), 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻. Sitting: 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗘𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀. 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗖𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗟𝗘 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗦…

𝗜𝗚𝗡𝗔𝗭 𝗕𝗥Ü𝗟𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 - 𝗔 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’ 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹: 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟭 & 𝟮 (𝗛𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝟮𝟬) - 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗲 · 𝗕𝗕𝗖 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 · 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘆𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗯𝗶𝗻𝘀 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b47TB6Gzazo&list=OLAK5uy_noSE2WG3-DFsBRUfekAfCkTbum4NFpTyA&index=1 𝗜.…

𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗣𝗛 𝗝𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗫 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗚𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗢 𝗜𝗧𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗮𝘅 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗵 - 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗶𝗻 𝗚 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿 - 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻: 𝗜𝘁𝘇𝗵𝗮𝗸 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗺𝗮𝗻 - 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺 - 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗸…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀 (𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘀. 𝟭–𝟮) - 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻𝗹𝗼𝗮𝗱 https://classicalarchive.org/the-life-of-johannes-brahms-vol-12-by-florence-may/ 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱–𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟯) was an English pianist who was the student and biographer of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀. 𝟭. 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲,…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗪𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗸-𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟲) 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗶𝗻 𝗔 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESsY_vVZ3gQ 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗮𝗻𝗮, piano 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝗬𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝗡𝗲́𝘇𝗲𝘁-𝗦𝗲́𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗻, conductor 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 — 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳) If the…

𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻 was born in 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄 on 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟭, into a Jewish…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 was born on 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟮𝟲, 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟯, in 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻, into one of…

𝗜𝘃𝗼 𝗣𝗼𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗵: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗕𝗲𝗹𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗨𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗜𝘃𝗼 𝗣𝗼𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗵 was born on 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟴, in 𝗕𝗲𝗹𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲, then part of…

𝗙𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺, 𝗡𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗴𝗶𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗼𝗺 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿 was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮, 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟱, in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, one…

𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘇: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 — 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗩𝗶𝗹𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘇 was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮, 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟭, in 𝗩𝗶𝗹𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, then part…

𝗚é𝘇𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗔 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟭 𝗚é𝘇𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗮 was born on 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟭, in 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁, a city whose musical culture was…

𝗝𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗦𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗹: 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 – 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮 (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟬) 𝗝𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗦𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗶 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘁 was born on 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭, in 𝗜𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗮, a small industrial town in 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮.…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗺𝘂𝗸 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗹 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻, 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗴𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳…