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𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰 Chapter 1 of Volume II opens a new book in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮 Chapter 11 is one of…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕-𝗙𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗦𝗲𝘅𝘁𝗲𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟭 Chapter 10 follows 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 through one of…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀’ 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳, 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟴 Chapter 8…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀, 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲 Chapter 7 belongs to one of the most serious and…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗕𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹𝘁𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟰–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟱 Chapter 6 is one of the most emotionally…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻’𝘀 “𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀,” 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 5 is the chapter in which…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻, 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟱 Before the biography…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗪𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟴 Chapter 2 follows Johannes Brahms from the protected promise of…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱 The first chapter begins far before the birth of Johannes…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗢𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝘄𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝘄𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 For 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, his own works were never simply finished objects, never trophies of success, never monuments before which…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗩𝗦. 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗴𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟱, 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀, 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻…

𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 The encounter between 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 and 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 belongs to one of the most formative episodes in early eighteenth-century music. It was…

𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 The encounter between 𝗔𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 and 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 was one of the most decisive pedagogical relationships in twentieth-century music. It was not merely the…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟰): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 was born on 𝟭𝟬…

𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗥𝗲-𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹'𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗪.𝗔. 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗢𝗥𝗙 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘀 - 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀, 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗹𝗮,…

𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱: 𝗠𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗗𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 The relationship between 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 belongs to one of the most fascinating lines of continuity in late…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗜𝗻𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟮𝟬𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 The relationship between 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗼 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 was one of the…

𝗚𝗜𝗔𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗢 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 The life of 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is full of paradoxes. He was one of the most famous opera composers of the nineteenth century, perhaps the…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗩𝗢ŘÁ𝗞 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗮 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗮 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲 The influence of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 on 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻í𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼řá𝗸 was never a simple matter of imitation. It was more subtle, more fruitful,…

𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻 was born in 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄 on 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟭, into a Jewish…

𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗮 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗱: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗮 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮 was born on 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟲, 𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟯, in 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗱, into a Spain…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - **𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟰 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟵 In July 1789, Mozart wrote one of the most anguished letters of his adult life to…