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𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 The recorded legacy of 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 is one of the most imposing…

𝗧𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗸 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁, 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲…

𝗥𝗲𝗻é 𝗝𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗯𝘀 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗹𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 Haydn : Symphony No.92 in G major, Hob.I:92 "Oxford" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Np1SSUPR6gQ…

𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗘𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘁 𝗚𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟯): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵, 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘄𝗮𝗹 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗴𝘆, 𝗥𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗘𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘁 𝗚𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿,…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗕𝗿ü𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗻 (𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟰–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟰): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗪𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗕𝗿ü𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗻 was born in…

𝗚𝗜𝗔𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗢 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 The life of 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is full of paradoxes. He was one of the most famous opera composers of the nineteenth century, perhaps the…

𝗚é𝘇𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗔 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟭 𝗚é𝘇𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗮 was born on 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟭, in 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁, a city whose musical culture was…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟮 — 𝗩𝗶𝘃𝗮 𝗹𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁à** **𝗗𝗮 𝗣𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗢𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿** By 1787, **Lorenzo Da Ponte** had risen from uncertain newcomer to one of the…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐞𝐥 𝐓𝐢𝐥𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬’s 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 Leonard Bernstein occupied a decisive place in the artistic formation of Michael Tilson Thomas. Although Tilson Thomas came from a deeply musical background and…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗯𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗱 The death of 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 on 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟰, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟳, in 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴, at the age of only 𝟯𝟴, was…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗜𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗭 𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔: 𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗥𝗛𝗬𝗧𝗛𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗖𝗧 Johann Strauss II was born in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱, 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱, into…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗼 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶 (1687–1762) was an Italian Baroque composer, violin virtuoso, and influential music theorist, and he stands among the most important…

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐟 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐞, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐦 There are musicians whose fame rests on one supreme gift, and then there are those rarer figures whose…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐎𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors who preserve tradition, and there are others who seem to reinvent the very act of orchestral music-making. 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢…

𝐍𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐉𝐨𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐚 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 There are conductors who build their fame through grandeur, severity, and historical weight, and there are others…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - CHAPTER 11 – LOVE AND MONEY** **1. Mannheim as a Musical Capital: The City That Expanded Mozart’s Ear** When **Mozart** arrived in **Mannheim** with his mother in **October 1777**,…

𝐓𝐮𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐢𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚, 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐠𝐞 There are opera conductors who serve repertory, and there are opera conductors who seem almost to stand…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐕𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐊: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Antonin Dvorak is often remembered as one of the healthiest, warmest, and most balanced figures in nineteenth-century music: a deeply Czech composer, a…

𝐋𝐔𝐃𝐖𝐈𝐆 𝐕𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Ludwig van Beethoven is often presented as the supreme heroic figure in music: defiant, original, morally elevated, and artistically invincible. Yet his…

**𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐒𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐆 (1907–1978): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐃 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄** Karl Ilyich Eliasberg was born in **Minsk on 10 June 1907** and died in **Leningrad on 12 February 1978**. In the broad history of…

𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐔𝐗 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 — 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝐏𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞…

𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐙 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀: 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃 𝐀𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 (1825–1899) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐘𝐍𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐘 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐅𝐋𝐈𝐂𝐓 (1825–1837) 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐈𝐈…

𝐀𝐋𝐌𝐀 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐑𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐑𝐎𝐒𝐄́: 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂, 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐃𝐘 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐁𝐑𝐎𝐊𝐄 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐃𝐘𝐍𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐘 𝐁𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐇𝐄 Few musical stories condense the grandeur and the collapse of Central European culture as sharply…

𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗜 𝗥𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗞𝗬-𝗞𝗢𝗥𝗦𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗩 — 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗛 (1844–1865) 𝗔 𝗡𝗢𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗜𝗞𝗛𝗩𝗜𝗡 (1844–1856) Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18 (March 6 O.S.), 1844, in the provincial Russian town of Tikhvin, into…