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𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗕𝗬𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝘆𝗿𝗼𝗻, born George Gordon Byron in London on 22 January 1788 and dead at Missolonghi, Greece, on 19 April 1824, was one of the most…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗔𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗢𝗳 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 After the death of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀, Florence May’s biography changes its nature.…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗗𝗢𝗢𝗥𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗦 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗣 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The young 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 did not find his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗝𝗘𝗔𝗡-𝗕𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗟𝗟𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗨𝗡 𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻-𝗕𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 was one of the most brilliant, dangerous, and theatrical personalities…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 — 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗘𝗫-𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔: 𝗔 𝗕𝗢𝗬 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘, 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗬, 𝗕𝗨𝗧 𝗡𝗢𝗧 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗙𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗸ü𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗛𝘂𝗴𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳, 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗲𝗻’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗶𝗽𝘀𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀,…

𝗜𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝘀 𝗔 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗜𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 — born on 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟮𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟬, in 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘀, then in Poland and today in Ukraine, and died on 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗲𝗯𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝘆, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘆, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗝𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗯 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟮 Chapter 4…

𝗔𝗟𝗕𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗬𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗠 Among the great composers of the early twentieth century, 𝗔𝗹𝗯𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴 occupies a singular and fascinating place. He was one of the central figures of the 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰 Chapter 1 of Volume II opens a new book in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳, 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟴 Chapter 8…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟴–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 3 is one of the decisive transition chapters…

# 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 # 𝗘𝘁 𝗟𝘂𝘅 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗘𝗶𝘀 ## 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 Death in the eighteenth century was never extraordinary in itself. Disease moved quickly through Europe, medicine…

𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘁 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 The history of classical music does not advance only through works, styles, schools, or institutions. It…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗢 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗗𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗲𝘅𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲: 𝗔 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘀 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 died…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟭–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟰): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗴𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱 was born on 𝟭𝟬…

𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗬𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗠 𝟭𝟲𝟲𝟭–𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟵 The Palace of Versailles was never simply a royal residence, nor even merely the most spectacular architectural expression of French absolutism. From the moment Louis XIV began transforming…

𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮 (𝟭𝟲𝟰𝟯–𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟮): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿, 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮, born in 𝟭𝟲𝟰𝟯 and murdered in 𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟮, occupies one of the most dramatic…

Standing: 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹, 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗚𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹'𝘀 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿), 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻. Sitting: 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗘𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀. 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗖𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗟𝗘 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗦…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 (𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝟮) 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀, 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗳𝘁 𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗸𝗳𝗿𝗲𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲) If the first half of Schubert’s expanding world was marked by…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗺𝘂𝗸 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗹 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻, 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗴𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 — 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟰–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲) With this third chapter, the young Schubert…

𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵: 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗙𝗨𝗟𝗟 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗬 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟳–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴) When Handel arrived in 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲 in 1707, he entered one of the great artistic capitals of Europe—but under conditions that…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚 𝗩𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 (𝗩) “𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱” (𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟮) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 By 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟴, Beethoven’s home life had reached its 𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁. His father 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 had become…