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𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟭 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗥𝗬 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗔𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘 After the portrait of Mozart as man, composer, performer, social being, elegant Viennese, player, worker, and vulnerable body, the biography enters…

𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜 𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔 𝗦𝗔𝗠𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝗰. 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟬/𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟭, 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟱 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟱, 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗶 was one of the essential creators…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗚𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗔 𝗦𝗣𝗢𝗞𝗘𝗡 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟯𝟬 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟮, 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗮́𝘁𝗸𝘆 𝗻𝗮𝗱 𝗝𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗼𝘂, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟲 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟱, 𝗞𝗼̈𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮 was one…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗫𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗧𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗠 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗫𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟵, 𝗛𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀̌𝗼𝘃, 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟮 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟵, 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗫𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 was one of…

𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗟𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗟𝗔𝗩 𝗗𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗞: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗸 𝗔𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗮𝘀: 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗸 / 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝗶́𝗸 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟮 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬,…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗞𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗞𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲: 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘀̌𝗲𝗸 𝗩𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗰 𝗞𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮́𝗿̌ 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟳 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵, 𝗞𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟴 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟭, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 Among the composers…

𝗟𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗞𝗢𝗭̌𝗘𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗞𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗞𝗼𝘇̌𝗲𝗹𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲: 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶́𝗻 𝗞𝗼𝘇̌𝗲𝗹𝘂𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟲 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟳, 𝗩𝗲𝗹𝘃𝗮𝗿𝘆, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟳 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟴,…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗛𝗔𝗟: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗬𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗩𝗮𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗮𝘀: 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗞𝗿̌𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗹 𝗩𝗮𝗻̌𝗵𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟵, 𝗡𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟬 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮…

𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗚𝗜 𝗕𝗢𝗖𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗟𝘂𝗶𝗴𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗰𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟵 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟯, 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗮, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟴 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟱, 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗱, 𝗦𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻 Among the great composers of the Classical…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗗 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗨𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗧𝗬 𝗩𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗱 𝗚𝗹𝘂𝗰𝗸 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟰, 𝗘𝗿𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗕𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟱 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟳, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 Among the great composers of the eighteenth century,…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴: 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗿, 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 After the first…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗥𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗢𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟬𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗺𝗲𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿: 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹, 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 — 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 / 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲̀𝗿𝗲, 𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝘀𝘆𝗻𝗼𝗽𝘀𝗶𝘀 Mozart’s operatic career extends from the precocious theatre pieces of his childhood to the supreme masterpieces…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗘, 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 By the time Rupert Hughes brings 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿 to the final…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘-𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗠𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗨𝗧𝗬 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 entered the service of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family, he did…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 After the immense success of the Grand Journey, Leopold Mozart had reason to feel uncertain about…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗥𝗘 𝗗𝗜 𝗣𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗢, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡-𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥-𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲, 𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶 𝗣𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳, was the first full-scale 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 that Mozart composed…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 Christoph Wolff’s 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 is one of the most important modern biographies of Bach. First…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲” 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭.𝟮 — 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝘀 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲, 𝗖𝗿𝗮𝗳𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 To understand Johann Sebastian Bach only as a…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲” 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭.𝟭 — 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗮 𝗖𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 Johann Sebastian Bach has often been imagined…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗠 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗞𝗘𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗲 — 𝟭𝟱𝟲𝟰–𝟭𝟲𝟭𝟲 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗲 was not merely the greatest dramatist of the English language; he became one of the most inexhaustible literary sources for…

𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗿𝗲 — 𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟰–𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟴 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗿𝗲 occupies a distinctive place among French writers connected with classical music. He was not primarily a musical poet in the intimate sense of…

𝗧𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗢 𝗗𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗶𝗿𝘀𝗼 𝗱𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 — 𝗰. 𝟭𝟱𝟳𝟵–𝟭𝟲𝟰𝟴 After 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗱𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗶𝗿𝘀𝗼 𝗱𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 is probably the Spanish writer whose indirect influence on classical music was…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗚𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗚𝗼𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗲 — 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗚𝗼𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗲 was perhaps the most important German literary figure for classical music. His poetry, dramas,…