Posts / Photos

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗣𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 After the inward anguish of 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆, Rupert Hughes turns…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 — 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗥𝗧, 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗘𝗥 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 After the dazzling and restless world of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, Rupert Hughes turns to a…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗, 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥 Rupert Hughes begins the second volume of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘-𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗠𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗨𝗧𝗬 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 entered the service of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family, he did…

🎼 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗦𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗘𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟱–𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟱 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗛𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘀 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻…

𝗕𝗘𝗡𝗝𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦: 𝗔𝗗𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝘁𝘆𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. Britten did not become a Straussian composer in…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗥𝗘 𝗗𝗜 𝗣𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗢, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡-𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥-𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲, 𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶 𝗣𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳, was the first full-scale 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 that Mozart composed…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗤𝗨𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗧𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗞 𝗜𝗡 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗨𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗬𝗟𝗘 By the middle of the…

𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗿𝗲 — 𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟰–𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟴 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗿𝗲 occupies a distinctive place among French writers connected with classical music. He was not primarily a musical poet in the intimate sense of…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗗𝗢𝗢𝗥𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗦 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗣 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The young 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 did not find his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 The lives of great musicians are often told as if they belonged only to art: dates of birth, places…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗔𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗢 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮 is one of the most theatrical figures in the…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗸ü𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗛𝘂𝗴𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳, 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗲𝗻’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗶𝗽𝘀𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀,…

𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗽𝗮 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗗𝗶 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘇𝗶𝗮 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝘄𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗽𝗮 was one of the most beloved Italian tenors of the twentieth century and is often regarded as perhaps the greatest…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗡ä𝗻𝗶𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘇𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗔𝗻𝗱…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗝𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳𝟲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟲 𝗛𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟴 Chapter 6…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗼 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 — born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬, in 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂, then Germany and today Wrocław, Poland — belongs to that rare category of musicians whose life…

𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝘀 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗻 — born on 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟬, in 𝗟𝘆𝗼𝗻, France, and died on 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟲, in Paris — was…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗳𝘁 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗲𝘂𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟲 Chapter 5 of Volume…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗲𝗯𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝘆, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘆, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗝𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗯 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟮 Chapter 4…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…