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𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗬 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 On 9 June 1763, the Mozart family left Salzburg for what would become one of the most extraordinary…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲” 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭.𝟭 — 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗮 𝗖𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 Johann Sebastian Bach has often been imagined…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗔𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗢𝗳 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 After the death of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀, Florence May’s biography changes its nature.…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢 𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗞𝗘𝗬𝗕𝗢𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬, 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗚𝗔𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗣𝗔𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 stands in musical history as one of the most astonishing…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗦𝗖𝗛Ü𝗧𝗭: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗗𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵ü𝘁𝘇 stands at one of the most important crossroads in the history of European music. He belongs to…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟: 𝗢𝗥𝗣𝗛𝗘𝗨𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗨𝗦, 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗬 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗛 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗲𝗻𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 stands in English musical history with a strange and almost lunar splendour. He…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱: 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 Chapter VI of C. F. Abdy Williams’s 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗝𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳𝟲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗦𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵’𝘀 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩 Chapter V of C.…

𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗘𝗟 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗢𝗜𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗟 Among modern Bruckner conductors, 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗼𝗶𝗺 occupies a distinctive and rather unusual place. He is not normally placed in…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗮: 𝗔 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘆 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 The first chapter of C. F.…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰 Chapter 1 of Volume II opens a new book in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀’ 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗪𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟴 Chapter 2 follows Johannes Brahms from the protected promise of…

𝐋𝐢𝐥𝐢 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚 𝐁𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐒𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 The history of 𝐋𝐢𝐥𝐢 𝐁𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 and 𝐍𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚 𝐁𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 is one of the most moving and paradoxical stories in modern music. They were sisters,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗩𝗦. 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗴𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟱, 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀, 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻…

𝗧𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬: 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦, 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔 𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗧, 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗔 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽 𝗘𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗜.…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝟰𝟴 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗔 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗽𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆, 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝗪𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗯𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱’𝘀 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗿𝗽𝗵𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗲𝗻𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 died in…

𝗧𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗸 (𝗯. 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁, 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲…

𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘁 (𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟴–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟮): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱, 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘁, born on 𝟯𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝘆…

𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 (𝟭𝟲𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟱): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗡𝗮𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗜. 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿: 𝟭𝟲𝟲𝟬–𝗰.𝟭𝟲𝟳𝟴 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 was born on 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝘆…

𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱: 𝗠𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗗𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 The relationship between 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 belongs to one of the most fascinating lines of continuity in late…