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𝗠𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗘𝗟 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗕𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗕𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟰 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟳, 𝗥𝗼𝗵𝗿𝗮𝘂, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟬 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟲, 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘇𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 Among the composers of…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗘𝗣𝗜𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻” 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝘀𝘂𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 At the end of Johann Sebastian Bach’s life, the…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟱 𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗟 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗬 Mozart arrived in Vienna on 16 March 1781, after a four-day journey from Munich. He came at the command of…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟲 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗥 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 returned to England in 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟰, he did not arrive…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟱 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗, 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗨𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 The first London journey did more than give 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗠 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘 Every child imagines, at some point, that beyond the familiar house there lies a freer kingdom:…

𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗦 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗧 𝗣𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗔 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗣𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗩𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗧, 𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗬, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗬, 𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 In Rupert Hughes’s vision of Beethoven, love is never simple. It is not the graceful domestic…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦, 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗧, 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 After the wedding of 𝟰 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟮, the story of Mozart and Constanze ceased to…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘 Christoph Willibald Gluck enters Rupert Hughes’s chapter as a striking contrast: in public he was 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗥𝗢𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗔 𝗪𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗞 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗣𝗢𝗜𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 After the crowded procession of troubadours, singers, violinists, composers, prima donnas,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗜𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗦 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 was one of Rupert Hughes’s most characteristic music-biographical works: attractive, anecdotal, witty, morally…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗠𝗡𝗜𝗕𝗨𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗦, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦 After the extraordinary and almost demonic atmosphere of 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 and the violin, Rupert…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗣𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 After the inward anguish of 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆, Rupert Hughes turns…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥, 𝗖𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗬 After the painful, humiliating, and emotionally exhausted story of 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗿,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧, 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗘 𝗗’𝗔𝗚𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗧, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗠 After the early religious wound of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗖𝗿𝗶𝗾, after the fever of Parisian salons, after the…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗, 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥 Rupert Hughes begins the second volume of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁…

𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩𝗢 𝗗𝗨𝗗𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗟: 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦, 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗕𝗢𝗟, 𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗞𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚? Gustavo Dudamel is one of the few conductors of the 21st century whose name has crossed the narrow borders of the classical-music world. That fact alone…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘-𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗠𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗨𝗧𝗬 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 entered the service of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family, he did…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 After the immense success of the Grand Journey, Leopold Mozart had reason to feel uncertain about…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗥𝗘 𝗗𝗜 𝗣𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗢, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡-𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥-𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲, 𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶 𝗣𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳, was the first full-scale 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 that Mozart composed…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗨𝗡𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗬 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗔 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗔𝗪𝗡 The years around 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵–𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬 should have been, and in…

Let us welcome the new members Mariusz Mieszkowski, سەنتەری هونەری وکولتوری گمۆ, Adriano Patera, Gvantsa Adamia, Juan Manuel Cisneros García, Nicoleta Popovici, Αθηνά Κωνσταντινίδου, Ender Demir, Елена Дунаева, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Anna Bisogno Jw,…

𝗭𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗘̌𝗞 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗔 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗣𝗶𝘁 𝗭𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗲̌𝗸 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗮 was one of the essential Czech conductors of the twentieth century, especially…