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𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐦: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐮𝐫 There are conductors whose authority is built on domination, theatrical command, and visible force. And then there are rarer figures whose greatness comes…

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻: 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗯𝘆 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗢𝘀𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗻𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Richard Osborne's Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music is a comprehensive biography that delves into the life, career, and legacy of one…

𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗼 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿: 𝗔 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗘𝗹𝘀𝗲𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗯𝘆 𝗘𝗿𝗶𝗸 𝗥𝘆𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗰𝗮 𝗣𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗳𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝗔 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘅𝘁 Bruno Walter: A World Elsewhere offers a comprehensive biography of Bruno Walter, one of…

𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors whose greatness lies in warmth, others in charisma, and a very rare few whose authority seems almost terrifying because it is…

𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗱𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗝𝘂𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗼́𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗮 – died at 19 – unknown, possibly tuberculosis. 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝘂𝗯𝗸𝗲 – died at 24 – tuberculosis. 𝗟𝗶𝗹𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 – died at 24 –…

𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗞𝗲𝗶𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗵: 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭 – 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘀𝗿𝘂𝗵𝗲 (𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟴–𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟲) Joseph Keilberth was born on April 19, 1908, in Karlsruhe, Germany, into a musical family. His father was a…

𝗣𝗮𝘂 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘀 – 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 (𝗔 𝗱𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿) Pau (Pablo) Casals, although universally remembered as one of the greatest cellists…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗠 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗟𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 — 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 What follows is a selective, chronological guide to the most important and most admired surviving Mengelberg recordings, not a complete discography. I have favored performances that…

𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 — 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗜. 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 “𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗜 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗲𝘃𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻— 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱; 𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝗲𝗲𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗺𝗲 𝗺𝘆 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿.”…

𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐁𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐭, 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 — 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 - Complete Audio in patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2074467 𝐁𝐈𝐙𝐄𝐓’𝐒 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐌𝐄𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄, 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐈𝐍 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐎𝐖𝐍 𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐅𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇…

𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐭𝐢: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 There are conductors whose careers are defined by prestige, and there are others whose greatness comes from a…

𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐠: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors whose legends are built on theatrical personality, and there are others whose greatness lies in something more durable: authority without noise, discipline…

𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐙 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐍𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐂𝐓, 𝐏𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐊𝐨𝐧𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐲 (𝟏𝟒 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏 – 𝟐𝟖 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐) was…

𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐨𝐬 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 There are conductors who build careers, and there are conductors who become legends almost in spite of…

𝐄𝐔𝐆𝐄𝐍 𝐉𝐎𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐌 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐏𝐈𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐄𝐑 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐓𝐇, 𝐅𝐋𝐎𝐖, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐕𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐄𝐮𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐦 (𝟏 𝐍𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐 – 𝟐𝟔 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐋𝐋𝐈 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟗–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟎): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Sir John Barbirolli (1899–1970) was born Giovanni Battista Barbirolli in London on 2 December 1899 and died there on 29 July…

𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐙 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐍𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐂𝐓, 𝐏𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐳 𝐊𝐨𝐧𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐲 (𝟏𝟒 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏 – 𝟐𝟖 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐) was…

𝐌𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐤𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐝 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟖): 𝐀 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟏) In October 1938, immediately after his triumph at the All-Union…

𝐖𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐌 𝐕𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐓𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐎𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐃𝐔𝐓𝐂𝐇 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐎𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐒 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐯𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐨𝐨 (𝟐𝟕 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟕 –…

𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐔 𝐂𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐈𝐃𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996) was born on 28 June 1912 in Roman, Romania and died on 14 August 1996 near Paris. He remains…

𝐖𝐈𝐋𝐇𝐄𝐋𝐌 𝐅𝐔𝐑𝐓𝐖𝐀̈𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟒): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Wilhelm Furtwängler (1886–1954) remains one of the most morally and historically controversial figures in twentieth-century music. He was born on 25 January…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐕𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐊: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Antonin Dvorak is often remembered as one of the healthiest, warmest, and most balanced figures in nineteenth-century music: a deeply Czech composer, a…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Anton Bruckner is often imagined as one of the most devout, humble, and innocent figures in nineteenth-century music: the provincial Austrian master of…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨.𝟑 - 𝐀𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2053627 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘, “𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀”: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 Beethoven’s Third Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 55, universally known as the “Eroica”, stands at…