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𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗢 𝗕𝗢𝗜𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗼 𝗕𝗼𝗶𝘁𝗼 was one of the most fascinating figures in nineteenth-century Italian music: poet, composer, critic, librettist, intellectual agitator, and finally the man who…

𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘁, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The relationship between 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is one of the most revealing,…

Dear friends, If you enjoy the daily classical music posts, recordings, recommendations, historical essays, and discussions I share in these groups, you can now support this work by subscribing to: **Alex Rosàs — Classical…

Dear friends, If you enjoy the daily classical music posts, recordings, recommendations, historical essays, and discussions I share in these groups, you can now support this work by subscribing to: **Alex Rosàs — Classical…

# **Christopher Hogwood - English Music - Box Set 20 CDs ** CD 1 Purcell: **The Echoing Air - Songs and Airs (McNair)** CD 2 Purcell: **Songs and Airs (Kirkby)** CD 3 Purcell: **Dido…

# **Christopher Hogwood - Handel Recordings - Box Set 22 CDs ** CD 1 Handel: **The Water Music** Handel: **The Alchymist** CD 2 Handel: **Musick For The Royal Fireworks** Handel: **Concerti A Due Cori**…

# **The Legend of Gustav Leonhardt - Box Set 15CDs ** **CD 1** **Bach, J S**: Geschwinde, geschwinde, ihr wirbelnden Winde Cantata, BWV 201 Monika Frimmer (soprano), Max van Egmond (bass), David Wilson-Johnson (bass),…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘀, 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 The relationship between 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was not a friendship in the usual sense, nor was it a direct personal feud…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 — 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗪𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗔𝗬𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗪𝗘𝗟𝗟 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟰 After the success and warm reception of the 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟭𝟮𝟬, completed in 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟰, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 entered what would become one of the…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗠: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗟𝗢𝗬𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗖𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗 The friendship between 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 and 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗝𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗺 belongs among the most significant artistic relationships of the 19th century. It was not…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦’𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗦, 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥 — 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗘 A reconstruction grounded in letters, recollections by close friends such as Joachim, Clara Schumann, and Billroth, and scattered diary fragments. This is not an…

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗞, 𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗞𝗦 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 lived through his senses with a physicality that matched the density, warmth, and grain of his music. He was not an…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗢𝗞𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗜𝗦𝗗𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗟 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 read not to decorate the mind, but to discipline and nourish it. Reading, for him, was never a…

𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗧, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗘𝗣𝗟𝗬 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was never a composer of easy compliments. His judgments could be abrupt, ironic, severe,…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦 — 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗗, 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗗𝗡’𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗔𝗦 𝗚𝗨𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 judged conductors with the same severity he applied to composers, performers, critics, and even to…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦: 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗟𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗗, 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗭𝗘𝗗, 𝗢𝗥 𝗔𝗗𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 Before naming specific composers or works, one essential truth must be stated: 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗹𝘆. His criticisms…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 — 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪Ä𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥, 𝗪𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗥, 𝗧𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥, 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 The 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 in conducting is not a single straight line, but a constellation of moral, architectural, and sonic philosophies inherited from the…

𝗔 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 — 𝗔 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 This past summer, during my visit to 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, I had one of those quiet and unforgettable encounters that only music can truly prepare us…

𝗔 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲 — 𝗔 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 This past summer, I had the profound experience of visiting 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲 at the 𝗭𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 — one of those moments that seem…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗪𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗸-𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟲) 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗶𝗻 𝗔 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟳 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESsY_vVZ3gQ 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗮𝗻𝗮, piano 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝗬𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝗡𝗲́𝘇𝗲𝘁-𝗦𝗲́𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗻, conductor 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 — 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗡𝗢. 𝟵 𝗜𝗡 𝗗 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗥, 𝗢𝗣. 𝟭𝟮𝟱 “𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗔𝗟” 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘆-𝘀𝗶𝘅 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 — 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝟭. 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄ä𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 — 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟭 — 𝗘𝗠𝗜 / 𝗪𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗿 Orchestra: Bayreuth Festival Orchestra. Soloists: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 — 𝗦𝗨𝗖𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿: 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴) With Chapter 11, Schubert’s…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 — 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄, 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳) If the…

𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 ⠀ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘃𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘆 𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻 was born in 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄 on 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟭, into a Jewish…