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𝐄𝐑𝐍𝐒𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐆𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐃𝐄𝐍: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐀 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 — 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃𝐒 (1846–1860s) 𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐜𝐡 was born on 23 November…

𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 “𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐑𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐍𝐊𝐀𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐑” 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 1864–1949 Composer, conductor, Germany, after the premiere of the opera 𝐃𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐤𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫 (The Knight of the Rose) Sitting, from left: 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐟 𝐒𝐞𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐡,…

𝐄𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐄𝐋𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐋𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐍 (𝐀 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐎’𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄) - 1928 recording – Good sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1j8W3eFkFW0 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫: 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤: 𝐄𝐢𝐧 𝐇𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐥𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐧 (𝐀 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐨’𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞), 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐦, 𝐎𝐩. 𝟒𝟎 Der Held (The Hero) Des Helden Widersacher (The Hero’s…

𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟓 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐀𝐋𝐎𝐌𝐄, 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐄𝐑𝐍𝐒𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐂𝐇: Debut performance of the opera 'Salome' by Richard Strauss in the Hoftheater in Dresden, 1st row from left Marie Wittich (Salome), conductor Ernst…

𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐫𝐢 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜̧𝐨𝐢𝐬 𝐉𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐡 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐮𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐬 (𝟏𝟕 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟎 – 𝟔 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏) was a Belgian composer and violinist. 𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐫𝐢 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐮𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐬: 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐧 𝐧𝐨.𝟏, 𝐨𝐩. 𝟏𝟎, 𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐢 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐞𝐮𝐫, 𝐕𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐤𝐚 (𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧) - 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞…

𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 & 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃, 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐘𝐋𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇: 𝐍𝐎 “𝐃𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍,” 𝐁𝐔𝐓 𝐀 𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 There is no direct, personal…

𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1912–1947) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓: 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 (1912) 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢 (1912–1997) was born György Stern on 21…

𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐇𝐔𝐍𝐆𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄’𝐒 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 (1855–1895) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇, 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐘 (1855–1873) 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫 𝐍𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡 (1855–1922) was born on 12 October…

Grand Gala du Disque Classique 1965 at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam Description: Four Edison winners; from left to right violinists 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗯𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘀 and 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗚𝗿𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗮𝘂𝘅, conductor 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗶𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶 and 𝗠𝗿𝘀. 𝗦𝗼𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 (daughter of…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝐬) 𝐈. 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) By the early 1940s, 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) had already forged…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐔 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) was born on 9 April 1906 in Budapest,…

𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐌 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄: 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐌 𝐕𝐒. 𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐈. 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 (1894–1981) and 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧 (1908–1989) stood as…

**Walter, Bruno** - Conductor, Composer, Pianist, Germany *15.09.1876-17.02.1962 at the desk; on the wall **portraits of composer Gustav Mahler, Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms**, **also a death mask of Beethoven** (fl) - Photographer:…

𝐊𝐈𝐑𝐈𝐋𝐋 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐑𝐀𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐍 — 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄, 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐅𝐋𝐀𝐌𝐄: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐇𝐀𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏) 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐊 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐓 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 (𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟖) By the late 1970s, 𝐊𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏) was already…

𝐂𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐌𝐀 𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐙𝐓 & 𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑: 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄, 𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐀𝐋, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐑𝐄𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀𝐘 (𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐈. 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐏 (𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟕–𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐚 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐳𝐭 was born on 𝐁𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐝𝐞: 𝟐𝟒 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟕…

𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 — 𝐀 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏. 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 By 1936, 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟑) was living through one of the most difficult phases…

𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐎𝐒 𝐊𝐋𝐄𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐀𝐏𝐏𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐏𝐒𝐘𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟒) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐃𝐎𝐖 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐓 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) Carlos Kleiber was born Karl Ludwig Bonifacius Kleiber on 3…

𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 — 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗹, 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 (1856–1911) & 𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗶, 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (1839–1900) & 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗰𝗵, 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 (1846–1914) & 𝗦𝘂𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 (1843–1908) — 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵

# **[Wagnerian Conductors] Mottl, Felix (1856–1911) & Levi, Hermann (1839–1900) & Schuch, Ernst von (1846–1914) & Sucher, Joseph (1843–1908) — Original Cabinet Photograph**

𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟐) A Deep and Expansive Portrait of the Man Behind the Baton 𝐈. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐲𝐞𝐬 — “𝐇𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐔𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐚𝐳𝐞” One of the most persistent…

𝗦𝗜𝗥 𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗥𝗬 𝗪𝗢𝗢𝗗 (1869–1944) — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗛 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 (1869–1894) Sir Henry Joseph Wood was born in London on 3 March 1869, into a musically inclined family.…

𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗧𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 (1944– ) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (1918–1990) shared one of the most significant mentor–protégé relationships in late 20th-century American conducting. Their connection began at Tanglewood in 1969, when the young Tilson Thomas…

𝗟𝗲𝗼𝘀 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗸 (1854–1928) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 (1885–1973) were not intimate collaborators in the way of composer–conductor partnerships such as Strauss–Böhm, yet their paths intersected significantly in the 1920s, when Klemperer emerged as one of…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘀 (1923–1977) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗩𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗮 (1892–1967) formed one of the most artistically electrifying collaborations in mid-20th-century opera, centered above all on La Scala, Milan, in the early 1950s. Their most historic collaboration…