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𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐀𝐙𝐄𝐋 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐁𝐄𝐂𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 — 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝐋𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐚𝐳𝐞𝐥 was born on 𝟔 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐋𝐚 𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 𝐝𝐢 𝐓𝐢𝐭𝐨 - 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐞𝐫 · 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐚 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐲 · 𝐄𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 - 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐚 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐳𝐚 · 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐥 · 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨 𝐀𝐝𝐚𝐦 - 𝐑𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐤𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐢𝐩𝐳𝐢𝐠 - 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐤𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞 𝐃𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐞𝐧 - 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-la-di-152587249?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐃𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢 - 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚, 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐚] – 𝐉𝐨𝐚𝐧 𝐒𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐄𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐚] – 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 - [𝐙𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚] – 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨] – 𝐋𝐮𝐢𝐠𝐢…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐢 𝐟𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐞 - 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 / 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐮𝐬, 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟, 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠, 𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐤, 𝐀𝐥𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐨 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬, 𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐩𝐞 𝐓𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐢, 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐲 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-cosi-fan-152550466?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦’𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐢 𝐟𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐞: 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐃𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢 - 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐅𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐰ä𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐫 - 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚 - 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐳𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟒 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-don-1954-152526739?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐂𝐞𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐒𝐢𝐞𝐩𝐢 (Don Giovanni), 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 (Donna Elvira), 𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐚 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 (Zerlina), 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐆𝐫ü𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐫 (Donna Anna), 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐚 (Don Ottavio),…

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐓 𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐁𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟕) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 (1927–1945) 𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐱 𝐃𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐬 (25 September 1927 –…

𝐂𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐒 𝐊𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐈𝐑𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟗) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐇𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 was born in Vienna…

𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐙 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀: 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃 𝐀𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 (1825–1899) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐘𝐍𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐘 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐅𝐋𝐈𝐂𝐓 (1825–1837) 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐈𝐈…

## **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 — Chapter 5 — Liars, Slanderers, and Envious Creatures** **1) Salzburg After the Grand Tour: Spoils, Secrecy, and Leopold’s Next Calculations** After returning to Salzburg in **November 1766**, Leopold…

𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 & 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃, 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐘𝐋𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇: 𝐍𝐎 “𝐃𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍,” 𝐁𝐔𝐓 𝐀 𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 There is no direct, personal…

𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1912–1947) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓: 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 (1912) 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢 (1912–1997) was born György Stern on 21…

𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐇𝐔𝐍𝐆𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄’𝐒 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 (1855–1895) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇, 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐘 (1855–1873) 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫 𝐍𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡 (1855–1922) was born on 12 October…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝐬) 𝐈. 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) By the early 1940s, 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) had already forged…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐔 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) was born on 9 April 1906 in Budapest,…

𝐑𝐎𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐊𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐔𝐒 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂: 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟑) 𝐀 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐍 𝐋𝐎𝐎𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 When 𝐑𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐊𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐬 (1856–1933) was born in Helsingfors on 2 December…

𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔) 𝐈. 𝐌𝐔𝐍𝐈𝐂𝐇 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎) 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (1864–1949) was born on 11 June 1864 in Munich, into a deeply musical…

𝐋𝐄𝐎𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐊𝐎𝐖𝐒𝐊𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐀𝐍 𝐋𝐎𝐅𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐏𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐔𝐌 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐇-𝐁𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐁𝐈𝐆 𝐀𝐌𝐁𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔) 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕) was born on 18 April 1882…

𝐉𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐒 𝐋𝐄𝐕𝐈𝐍𝐄 — 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒, 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐘: 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟑–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐀𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎𝐬) 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐰𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟑–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏) was born on 23 June 1943 in Cincinnati, Ohio,…

𝐘𝐄𝐕𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐘 𝐒𝐕𝐄𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐕 — 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄, 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀: 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬) 𝐘𝐞𝐯𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐯 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐) was born on 6 September 1928 in…

𝐁𝐄𝐃𝐑̌𝐈𝐂𝐇 𝐒𝐌𝐄𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐀: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐙𝐄𝐂𝐇 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒, 𝐃𝐄𝐀𝐅𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐖𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒) 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟑) 𝐁𝐞𝐝𝐫̌𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐚 was born on 𝐁𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐝𝐞: 𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

𝐆𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐕 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐋𝐄𝐑 & 𝐉𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐋𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐇𝐄𝐋𝐃 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄, 𝐃𝐔𝐓𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟖) 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐂𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐈𝐁𝐋𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟖–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟖) 𝐉𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞 (𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞) 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫 was born…

𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 — 𝐀 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏. 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 By 1936, 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟑) was living through one of the most difficult phases…

𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐎𝐒 𝐊𝐋𝐄𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐀𝐏𝐏𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐏𝐒𝐘𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟒) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐃𝐎𝐖 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐓 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) Carlos Kleiber was born Karl Ludwig Bonifacius Kleiber on 3…

𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟐) A Deep and Expansive Portrait of the Man Behind the Baton 𝐈. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐲𝐞𝐬 — “𝐇𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐔𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐚𝐳𝐞” One of the most persistent…