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𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟴 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱, 𝗗𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗿𝘂𝗶𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗻𝘀𝗲𝘁 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲 When 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 returned…

# 𝗥𝗢𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗙𝗨𝗟 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗥 The influence of **𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻** on **𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀** was profound, but it cannot be reduced to direct imitation.…

Franz Liszt’s Birthplace in Raiding — the modest house where one of the greatest piano legends of the nineteenth century was born.

𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡: 𝗔𝗟𝗖𝗢𝗛𝗢𝗟, 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 To speak of 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿𝗴𝘀𝗸𝘆 is to avoid two opposite errors. The first would be to reduce him to the romantic image of…

𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿𝗴𝘀𝗸𝘆, 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁, 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗣. 𝗔. 𝗡𝗮𝘂𝗺𝗼𝘃, 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟬.

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 — 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡’𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗥 𝗧𝗢 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟰 𝗕𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 Before 1834, Robert Schumann had not yet fully become…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘: 𝗪𝗛𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝟱 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟭, the bicentenary of the composer’s death. On that date, the city inaugurated a modest…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗖 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟮 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟰, 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 Among the children of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻…

𝗞𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗥 — 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗞𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗿 was one of the most beloved British singers of the twentieth century: a contralto of rare depth, humanity and spiritual intensity. Her career…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 — 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗣𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗭, 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔, 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔 The 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, located on 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘇, is one of the most important nineteenth-century public monuments dedicated to 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻. It was designed by the sculptor…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟲 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗥 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 returned to England in 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟰, he did not arrive…

Let us welcome the new members Stephane Trouvé, Danger Bõí, 小口正芳, Les Buxton, Servet Turan, Paola Talamini, Polina Sorokina, Στέλιος Σιδηρόπουλος, Miguel Serdoura, Icko Hristov, Tamio Kusumi 久住 民男, Valter Trevisan, Liam White, Donato…

𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗗𝗲𝗲𝗽 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟭–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟱 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟲–𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟵 The relationship between 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 and 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 was one of the most beautiful 𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿–𝗽𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹 relationships…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 After the chapter of Salzburg as Mozart’s ambiguous home—admiring him, employing him, limiting him, and eventually…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗱𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂̈𝗵𝗹𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗩𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗼 𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 Between 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯 and 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴, Johann Sebastian Bach passed…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 When 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗱 enters Chopin’s life, Rupert Hughes’s chapter moves from nocturnal solitude into one…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗧𝗔𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗜, born in Vienna on 𝟮𝟱 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱 and deceased in Vienna on 𝟯 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟵, entered the world of stage music…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 - 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗨𝗠𝗕𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 In Rupert Hughes’s portrait of Beethoven, love does not enter as a graceful ornament, nor as…

𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗢 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗔 — 𝗔 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢’𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗖𝗬, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 Antonello Manacorda belongs to that fascinating generation of conductors whose authority did not begin with the baton, but with…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗣𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 After the inward anguish of 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆, Rupert Hughes turns…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘-𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗠𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗨𝗧𝗬 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 entered the service of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family, he did…

𝗕𝗘𝗡𝗝𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦: 𝗔𝗗𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝘁𝘆𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. Britten did not become a Straussian composer in…