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𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟳, one of the most important figures of musical Romanticism. The sculpture was created by 𝗥𝘂𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗳 𝗪𝗲𝘆𝗿 in 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟴. The original monument is…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 (1833-1897) German composer and pianist photographed in Vienna, Austria, c. 1895 with 𝗔𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀, wife of composer 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀.

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 (1833-1897), German composer, pianist and conductor, walking in the streets of 𝗚𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮. 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘂𝗺 𝗗𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗱𝘁 𝗪𝗶𝗲𝗻 (History Museum)

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟯), 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝘁 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗛𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝗵𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝘆𝗿𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗵. 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿: 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿. 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁: 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿. 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁: 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝘂̈𝗹𝗼𝘄.

Conductor 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗕ö𝗵𝗺 thanks German opera singer 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 after the dress rehearsal of 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻's opera 𝗙𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗼 at the 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘇𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 in 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟴. (Photo by 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗥𝗮𝘂𝗰𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿/𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 via 𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀)

𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂̈𝘁𝘇 (1585–1672) was a 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 composer and organist, widely regarded as the most important German composer before 𝗝.𝗦. 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵. Born in 𝗞𝗼̈𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇, he studied in 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲 with 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗚𝗮𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗶, where he absorbed the…

𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐀𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐟 𝐇𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞 (1699–1783) was a 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 of the 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 era, especially famous for his 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐬 and 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜. Born in 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐫𝐟, near Hamburg, he first worked as a singer before studying composition…

𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗗𝗶𝗲 𝗚𝗮̈𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗲𝗯𝗲 (𝗟𝗮 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗮 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻) - 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗶𝗱𝘁-𝗜𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗱𝘁 - Audio Recording and Booklets in in Partreon https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-die-aus-155946722?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link

𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗭𝗲𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 (𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟴–𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮): 𝗚𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Carl Friedrich Zelter was born on December 11, 1758, in Berlin, at a time…

(Ink and Wash drawing by the German classical composer Felix Mendelssohn for his son, Paul)

('Am Amalfi Mai', 1831, by the German classical composer Felix Mendelssohn. )

𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵ü𝘁𝘇: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵ü𝘁𝘇 (1585–1672) stands as the most important German composer before Bach and 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲. He was…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗹: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗹 (1653–1706) was a leading German Baroque composer and 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻.…

𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝘂𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗲 (c. 1637–1707) was one of the most influential composers of the North German Baroque and 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀, German composer, known for his operas, which include 𝗗𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗸𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗿 and 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗲; his lieder, especially his 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀; and his tone poems 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗘𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸𝘀, 𝗔𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝘀𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗵…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐊𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐀𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥, 𝐒𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 There are conductors whose names survive because of scandal, glamour, or sheer tyranny, and there are others whose greatness…

𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors who dazzle through versatility, others through charisma, and a few whose authority seems to come from a much older source:…

𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐊𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐟𝐟 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟓 - 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟏) (𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐑𝐚𝐟𝐚𝐞𝐥 𝐅𝐫𝐮𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐤 𝐝𝐞 𝐁𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐨𝐬 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟑 - 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒) 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐧, 𝐁𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐬 𝐀𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐬, 𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐚, 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟒.…

𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬 (𝐇𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠, 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟑 – 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚, 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟕) 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (𝐍𝐞𝐮𝐛𝐚𝐮, 𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟓 – 𝐕𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚, 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟗)

𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭, 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔), 𝐒𝐰𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐢 𝐆𝐞𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐳𝐳𝐨-𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐋𝐮𝐝𝐰𝐢𝐠, 𝟐𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐. (𝐏𝐡𝐨𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐲 𝐄𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐀𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐡/𝐆𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬)

𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭, 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐖𝐨𝐥𝐟𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡, 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟, 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐄𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐢 𝐆𝐞𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐚𝐭 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐭 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟'𝐬 𝐇𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞, 𝟕𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟕. (𝐏𝐡𝐨𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐲 𝐄𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐀𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐡/𝐆𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬)

𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟗), 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫, 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝, 𝐜. 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟒.

𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐨𝐲. 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐭. 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟗.

𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐌𝐲𝐭𝐡, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲 Wagner stands at the center of a larger nineteenth-century phenomenon: the fusion of art with national self-imagination. He drew heavily on Germanic myth, medieval legend, heroic destiny, communal memory,…