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𝐌𝐀𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐄𝐋 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑: 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐑𝐎, 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐃𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1905–1937) 𝐈. 𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐄𝐋 𝐀𝐅𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐑 (1905–1914) Following the Prix de Rome…

𝐇𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐧 – 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 – 𝐀𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2025866 𝐇𝐀𝐘𝐃𝐍’𝐒 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐄𝐒: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀 𝐈. 𝐇𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦 Joseph Haydn’s contribution to the symphony is without parallel…

𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗕𝗔𝗨𝗗 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 (1895–1920) Hans Rosbaud was born on July 22, 1895, in Graz, Austria, into a musically cultivated family. His father was…

𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗢 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 The early career of 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 (1885–1973) reveals the slow and disciplined formation of one of the most formidable conductors of the twentieth century. Unlike…

# **Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643)** **Girolamo Frescobaldi** was one of the most influential keyboard composers of the Baroque era and a towering figure in the history of **organ and harpsichord music**. His innovations shaped the…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧’𝐬 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬’𝐬 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 “𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦” 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐕𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 Johannes Brahms lived under a shadow that was both inspiring and terrifying: the presence of Ludwig van Beethoven as the…

**Francesco Cavalli (1602–1676) **was one of the most important opera composers of the early Baroque and a central figure in the rise of public opera in Venice. A student of Claudio Monteverdi, Cavalli worked…

**Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736)** was one of the most brilliant and influential Italian composers of the early 18th century. Born in Jesi, he studied in Naples and quickly gained recognition for his talent in…

**Arcangelo Corelli** (1653–1713) was one of the most influential composers of the Baroque era and a central figure in the development of instrumental music. Born in Fusignano, Italy, he spent most of his career…

**Dieterich Buxtehude** (c. 1637–1707) was one of the most influential composers of the **North German Baroque** and a central figure in the development of organ music. Born in the Danish-German cultural sphere, he spent…

**Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber** (1644–1704) was one of the most imaginative and influential composers of the Baroque era, celebrated above all as a revolutionary violinist. Born in Bohemia, he spent most of his career…

**Alessandro Scarlatti** (1660–1725) was one of the most important architects of Baroque music and the founder of the **Neapolitan school of opera**. Born in Palermo, he achieved early success and spent much of his…

# **CHURCH MUSIC (V)** **(Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** ## The C-minor Mass in Context: Between Bach and Beethoven It has been said—entirely rightly—that this unfinished Mass stands **midway between…

# **The Orchestral Concert as Tournament: From Concerto Grosso to Sinfonia Concertante (Book:** Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein) We are now entirely in the realm of concert music when to the…

# **Mozart’s works for violin and piano - (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) Mozart began to write works for **keyboard and violin** in earnest only in **Mannheim**, when he was…

# **Opera, A History - Christopher Headington ** [https://classicalarchive.org/opera-a-history-christopher-headington/](https://classicalarchive.org/opera-a-history-christopher-headington/) Opera, A History by **Christopher Headington** is a **clear, cultivated, and quietly authoritative survey** of opera’s development, written by a scholar who understood that opera…

# **CHAMBER MUSIC FOR STRING INSTRUMENTS (2) - (Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** **The Viennese Shock of 1773: K. 168–173 and the Encounter with Haydn** Judging by numbering and chronology,…

# **Could Rossini Have Written Great Symphonies? ** The idea that **Gioachino Rossini** might have composed **outstanding symphonies** had he chosen to do so is not speculative flattery, but a conclusion grounded in **musical…

# **Haydn - Symphonies Nos. 77 - 78 - 79 - Northern Chamber Orchestra - Nicholas Ward** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/haydn-symphonies-146635765?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/haydn-symphonies-146635765?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) ## **Symphony No. 77 in B-flat major, Hob. I:77 (c. 1781–1782)** **Confidence without display** Symphony No.…

# **Mozart and His Family: Love, Control, and the Cost of Genius ** The **family relationships of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart** were deep, complex, and decisive for his personal and artistic development. Far from being…

# **Schubertian melody: emotion made into time ** The **single defining characteristic that places Franz Schubert above any other composer in that specific realm** is **his uniquely natural ability to transform inner emotional experience…

# **ERNEST SCHELLING — A LIFE** ## **I. Origins, Childhood Genius, and the Formation of an Artist** Ernest Henry Schelling was born on **July 26, 1876**, in Belvidere, New Jersey, into a family that…

# **SIR DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY — A LIFE** ## **I. Origins, Childhood, and the Early Emergence of a Musical Mind** Donald Francis Tovey was born on **July 17, 1875**, in Eton, into an intellectually…

Mariahilfer Kirche, Vienna A Sacred Haven in the Heart of Vienna’s Musical Life --- 1. Origins and Architectural Development The Mariahilfer Kirche, also known as the Church of Mariahilf, is one of the oldest…