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# **PAUL KLETZKI — A LIFE IN 20 CHAPTERS** *A monumental narrative biography* ## **Chapter 1 — Łódź: Birth in a Multicultural World (1900)** Paul Kletzki was born Paweł Klecki on March 21, 1900,…

𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥 — 𝗔𝗹𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 & 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿-𝗗𝗶𝗲𝘀𝗸𝗮𝘂 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗪𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗲 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsrV2ylqhlw Few artistic collaborations in the history of Lieder feel as intellectually and emotionally profound as the partnership between Dietrich…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 — 𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟵 — 𝗕𝘂𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶, 𝗦𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗮, 𝗥𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗸𝘆-𝗞𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 The afterlife of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 did not begin after his death in 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲.…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟵 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝗹𝗲 At the beginning…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟬 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝗪𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴 For the young 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, love rarely arrived as tranquillity. It came instead as 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻,…

𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗣𝗛 𝗞𝗘𝗜𝗟𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱, 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗞𝗲𝗶𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗵 was one of the most accomplished representatives of the Central European Kapellmeister tradition. His conducting was generally direct, structurally…

𝗝𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 James Levine left one of the largest and most varied recorded legacies of any American conductor. His discography encompasses Mozart, Verdi, Wagner, Puccini, Berlioz, Mahler, Brahms, Schumann,…

𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗙 𝗞𝗥𝗜𝗣𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Josef Krips represented a conducting tradition founded not upon personal display, exaggerated rhetoric or orchestral weight, but upon balance, clarity, natural phrasing and absolute fidelity to musical…

𝗝𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗔 𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Jascha Horenstein belonged to a generation of conductors for whom interpretation was founded upon structural understanding, stylistic responsibility and absolute concentration rather than theatrical personality. His performances…

𝗞𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗨𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Kurt Masur was sometimes characterised as a sober, traditional conductor: dependable, serious, architecturally disciplined and resistant to interpretative eccentricity. Such descriptions are not entirely wrong, but they…

𝗝𝗢𝗦É 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣É𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 — 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 José Luis Pérez de Arteaga’s Mahler is far more than a conventional biography. It brings together…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟰 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱–𝟱𝟰 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗡𝗢𝗧 𝗔 𝗥𝗨𝗜𝗡, 𝗕𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗗𝗜𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 The music Robert Schumann composed…

𝗦𝗜𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Sir Colin Davis was one of the most cultivated, humane and intellectually independent conductors of the second half of the twentieth century. He never cultivated the…

𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗦𝗔𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Wolfgang Sawallisch represented one of the last great manifestations of the traditional German Kapellmeister: a conductor whose authority was founded not upon personal exhibitionism, but upon complete…

𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 Hector Berlioz occupies a unique place in nineteenth-century music. He was neither a conventional symphonist in the Beethovenian tradition nor principally a composer of absolute music. His greatest creations…

𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Herbert von Karajan left one of the largest recorded legacies of any conductor. He repeatedly returned to the same compositions, sometimes recording them three or four…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 Johannes Brahms is often portrayed as the great conservative of nineteenth-century music: the guardian of Classical form, the heir of Bach,…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟬–𝟰𝟰 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 The marriage to Clara did not merely change Robert Schumann’s private…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗨𝗥, 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗧𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗩𝗘𝗦𝗧 After 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻𝘀, there was no new creative dawn for 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵…

𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲 — 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲 was one of the most musical poets of the German language and one of the supreme literary sources of the…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗧, 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟬𝘀 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 The 1920s opened…

𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝘃 – 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 - 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗝𝗮𝗿𝘃𝗶 - 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗶𝘁 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 https://www.patreon.com/posts/rachmaninov-for-158807721?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link This Chandos disc is especially interesting because it presents 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝘃 not only as the great composer-pianist of the Russian late-Romantic tradition,…

𝗪𝗛𝗬 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗲𝗹𝗹 The relationship between 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 was never simple, never complete, and never entirely comfortable.…

𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗚𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗗: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 20 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 1. 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 Kirsten Malfrid Flagstad was born on 12 July 1895 in Hamar, Norway, and died on 7 December 1962…