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𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗚 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖, 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴, born 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴 on 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵 in 𝗦𝘁. 𝗚𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻, Switzerland, and deceased on 𝟭𝟲 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟭 in…

𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲), aged 29 𝗟𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗯𝘆 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟵 𝗦𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 / 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀, 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗿𝘆, 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 Schumann’s portrait by 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿, who created numerous lithographs of prominent — and…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗠𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗚𝗨𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗛𝗘𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗟 The meeting between 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 belongs to those rare…

𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗧, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗘𝗣𝗟𝗬 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was never a composer of easy compliments. His judgments could be abrupt, ironic, severe,…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦 — 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗗, 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗗𝗡’𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗔𝗦 𝗚𝗨𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 judged conductors with the same severity he applied to composers, performers, critics, and even to…

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭? Although live concerts offer intensity, presence, and a sense of occasion, recorded music is not merely a second-best substitute. In many situations, it is…

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐠𝐨 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜? In an age when almost any song is available instantly on a phone, computer, or speaker, some people ask why live…

𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 - 𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗮𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲 - 𝗨𝘁𝗮𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 - 𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗔𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗹 Complete Audio recording in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/posts/schubert-music-155671246?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 — 𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗮𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲 Schubert’s Incidental Music for Rosamunde, Fürstin von Zypern (Rosamunde,…

𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝟮𝟭 𝘁𝗼 𝟰𝟭 - 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 - 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘀 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-21-to-41-138352267?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘀 occupies a very special place in the 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆. He was not a “revolutionary”…

𝐄𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐋𝐚𝐥𝐨: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞-𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are composers who conquer early, and there are others whose true stature emerges only after years of obscurity,…

𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆: 𝗔 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 Few figures in twentieth-century music command admiration as universal as Igor Stravinsky. As a composer, he reshaped the language of modern music several times over—first through…

𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟭–𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟲) was 𝗮 𝗴𝗶𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, and 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 who occupied an important place between 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 and the younger generation of Russian musicians. Trained at the 𝗦𝘁. 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 under 𝗥𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗸𝘆-𝗞𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗸𝗼𝘃, he…

𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗶 𝗠𝘆𝗮𝘀𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟭–𝟭𝟱𝟱𝟬) was 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 yet often 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 of 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 and 𝗦𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, sometimes called 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰. Trained at the 𝗦𝘁. 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 under 𝗥𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗸𝘆-𝗞𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗸𝗼𝘃 and 𝗟𝘆𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘃, he…

𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿 (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟬–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟭) was 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 of the 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. A 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 trained at the 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆, he was closely associated with 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳, who 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗱 and…

𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗗𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗼𝗺𝘆𝘇𝗵𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵) was 𝗮 𝗽𝗶𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 in 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, standing between 𝗚𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗮 and 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘆 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗳𝘂𝗹. Closely associated with 𝗕𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘃’𝘀 𝗰𝗶𝗿𝗰𝗹𝗲, he played 𝗮 𝗰𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 in pushing 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 toward 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗺…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟲 — 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀: 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵** **𝗜. 𝗔 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁, 𝗔 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁** Swafford begins this chapter with a striking…

𝗬𝘂𝗿𝗶 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗻 (1887–1966) 𝗬𝘂𝗿𝗶 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝗸𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗻 was a Soviet composer best known for his large-scale vocal-symphonic and operatic works. Born in Glukhov, in the former Russian Empire, he studied in St Petersburg and later…

𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗞𝗻𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀𝗯𝘂𝘀𝗰𝗵: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗯𝘆 𝗢𝗻𝗲 Hans Knappertsbusch is not a conductor whose legacy is best understood through neat completeness. His recorded reputation rests above all on a relatively small number…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 The most reliable ones are devotional inscriptions, annotations, or statements preserved through later documentary tradition; many of the best-known Bach aphorisms are modern circulation pieces and should be…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 — 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗜. 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 “𝗜 𝘄𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗮𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗮𝘁𝗲; 𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗲 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗹𝘆.” — Letter to Franz Gerhard Wegeler, Vienna,…

𝐁𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Bruno Walter’s Beethoven and Brahms stand at the heart of the central Austro-German symphonic tradition on record, but his legacy in the two…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐦 𝐒𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors whose greatness lies in severity, austerity, and intellectual weight, and there are others whose power comes from something more public, more…

𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Otto Klemperer’s Beethoven belongs among the most imposing achievements in the discography of the twentieth century. His Philharmonia recordings, mainly made between 1955 and…

𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐳𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 George Szell’s Beethoven cycle with The Cleveland Orchestra has long been regarded as one of the great Beethoven traversals on disc. Critics have repeatedly…