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𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗥𝗲-𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹'𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗵 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗪.𝗔. 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗢𝗥𝗙 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘀 - 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀, 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗹𝗮,…

𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗢 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗛𝗢𝗙𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗛𝘂𝗴𝗼 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗹 was one of the most refined literary minds of fin-de-siècle Vienna and one of the greatest librettists in the…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟯 — 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴** **𝗗𝗼𝗻 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶, 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗳, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁** At the beginning of November 1787, Mozart wrote from Prague to his…

𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗔 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟯–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵) — 𝗔 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 𝗔𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 was one of the most dazzling operatic figures of the nineteenth century, a singer whose name became almost synonymous with vocal beauty, aristocratic glamour, and…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟱 — 𝗚𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗭𝗻𝗮𝘁𝘀𝗻𝗼𝗰** **Mozart in Vienna: opera, gossip, love, independence, and the making of a new life** Mozart’s arrival in Vienna in **1781** marked the true…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - CHAPTER 12 - Ashes ** ## **I. Arrival in Paris: Promise Beneath Gathering Shadows** When **Mozart** and his mother **Maria Anna Mozart** reached **Paris on 23 March 1778**,…

𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗬: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗘 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 (1930–1950) 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆 (1930–2000) was born in Vienna on 8 April 1930, a city whose operatic traditions…

𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐙 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀: 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐍, 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃 𝐀𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 (1825–1899) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐘𝐍𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐘 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐅𝐋𝐈𝐂𝐓 (1825–1837) 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐈𝐈…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 — CHAPTER 3 — “Das Königreich Rücken” (The Kingdom of Back): Leopold’s European Campaign, 1763–1764** **1) The “Duty to God” and the Will to Conquer Europe** Leopold Mozart left Salzburg…

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭’𝐬 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐀 𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐩 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬 The history of Western music is not a sequence of ruptures but a chain of transformations. Few composers embody…

# **ARIA AND SONG (II) - (Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**) ** ## Mozart on *Il curioso indiscreto*: Success, Intrigue, and a Printed “Notice” (Letter of **2 July**) On **2…

# **The Orchestral Concert as Tournament: From Concerto Grosso to Sinfonia Concertante (Book:** Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein) We are now entirely in the realm of concert music when to the…

# **Mozart’s works for violin and piano - (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) Mozart began to write works for **keyboard and violin** in earnest only in **Mannheim**, when he was…

# **PIANO WORKS - (Book: **Mozart, His Character, His Work by Alfred Einstein**)** ## Mozart as Pianist and “Virtuoso” in His Own Sense Mozart was, as we know, a **great pianist**, one of the…

# **Mozart and Counterpoint (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) What time and environment could offer him was **no longer genuinely living polyphony**, but rather **a survival—something rigid, petrified, a textbook…

# **Fragments and the Creative Process (Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) Mozart’s habitual—indeed almost instinctive—use of a compositional “springboard” can explain why **so many fragments and opening sketches** have survived.…

# **Patriotism and Education** **(Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) It is striking how closely this letter resembles another, likewise addressed to the Rhineland: Emperor Joseph II’s letter of **13 July…

# **Catholicism and Freemasonry** **(Book: Mozart, His Character, His Work** by Alfred Einstein) The attitude of educated and high-ranking Catholics in the eighteenth century toward religion was aptly captured—long before Mozart—by “Madame,” **Élisabeth Charlotte**,…

# **Handel - Acis und Galatea, arr. Mozart - Handel & Haydn Society - Christopher Hogwood ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-acis-und-146839981?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-acis-und-146839981?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) **1. Handel’s Original Work (1718): The English Pastoral Ideal** **Acis and Galatea** was composed by **George…

# **Karl Bohm - The Operas - Complete Vocal Recordings on DG - Box Set 70CDs ** **Karl Böhm – The Operas / The Complete Vocal Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon** **Fidelio, Op. 72 –…

# **Offenbach - Pariser Leben, Rudolf Bibl ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/offenbach-leben-146648897?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/offenbach-leben-146648897?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) ## **Jacques Offenbach – *****Pariser Leben***** (*****La Vie parisienne*****)** *(1866)* **Jacques Offenbach**’s *Pariser Leben*—originally *La Vie parisienne*—is one of the most dazzling, intelligent, and culturally…

# **PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAITS OF TOSCA, CAVARADOSSI, AND SCARPIA** ## **I. Floria Tosca — The Woman Torn Between Faith, Passion, and Instinct** Floria Tosca is one of opera’s most psychologically multidimensional heroines. Onstage she appears…

𝐀𝐀𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐂𝐎𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐀𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟎) is widely regarded as 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐠𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞. More than any other twentieth-century composer, he…

𝗗𝗜𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗢𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Dimitri Mitropoulos was one of the most intense, selfless and visionary conductors of the twentieth century. He conducted without a baton, frequently without a score and with…