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𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧’𝗦 𝗙𝗜𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 Franz Liszt’s reputation has often been distorted by two opposing myths. To some listeners, he remains primarily the supreme nineteenth-century virtuoso: the dazzling showman who transformed the piano into…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗞𝗘𝗬𝗕𝗢𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 Selecting the greatest Baroque keyboard masterpieces requires a broader definition of “keyboard” than the modern piano repertoire usually implies. These works were written for harpsichord,…

# 𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 — 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗨𝗔𝗟 ## 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝘆 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗠𝗶𝗸𝗮, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗙ü𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘂𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 **𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁: 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗦𝗲𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹** presents the world of opera as it…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 — 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡’𝗦 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘 — 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗜𝗧 𝗜𝗡𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗟𝗬 There was always something dramatic…

𝗭𝗨𝗕𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗛𝗧𝗔 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Zubin Mehta’s extraordinary career connects several apparently different musical worlds: the Central European tradition he absorbed in Vienna, the orchestral brilliance of Los Angeles, the distinctive identity…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯𝟮 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 ════════════════════════════ 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛: 𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗦 After 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘆, Solomon does not end his biography with the corpse, the grave, the…

𝗟𝗲́𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗮𝘂 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 Among the great lyric tenors of the twentieth century, few embodied elegance, musical intelligence and vocal purity as completely as Léopold Simoneau. His was not a…

𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is often presented as the supreme composer of emotional immediacy: the creator of unforgettable melodies, tragic symphonies,…

𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧, 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Felix Mendelssohn has often been admired for his elegance and simultaneously underestimated because of it. His music appears so lucid, balanced…

𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗝𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗟𝗬 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 The operatic repertory is not a neutral museum of masterpieces. It is the result of institutional tradition, language, economics, star singers, political history, editorial availability and theatrical…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗟𝗩𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦: 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗬 To choose Beethoven’s twelve “true” masterpieces is not simply to choose his most famous works. Fame is not enough. Beethoven wrote works so central to Western…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦: 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗔𝗨𝗧𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗘 To choose Mozart’s ten “true” masterpieces is not to choose merely the most famous works, nor even the most immediately seductive. Mozart wrote too much…

𝗩𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗶 - 𝗟𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲 - 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗼 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗼 - 𝗙𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗦𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 https://www.patreon.com/ClassicMusicComposersGroup/posts/vivaldi-la-modo-163224574?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗟𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲 is the shortened title of 𝗟𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘇𝗮 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗴𝗹’𝗮𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗶 𝗲…

𝗧𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝘀𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗮 - 𝗜𝗳𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲 (1763) - 𝗟𝗲𝘀 𝗧𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝗟𝘆𝗿𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀 - 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘁 https://www.patreon.com/ClassicMusicComposersGroup/posts/traetta-ifigenia-163223355?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗔 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗹𝘂𝗰𝗸’𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺 𝗜𝗳𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲 is one of the most important and…

𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 – 𝗦𝗶𝗲𝗴 𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵ö𝗻𝗵𝗲𝗶𝘁 - 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝘆 – 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 - Braunschweig Version 1728 - 𝗔𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝗳ü𝗿 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗸 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 - 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝘀𝘁𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 https://www.patreon.com/ClassicMusicComposersGroup/posts/telemann-sieg-163223010?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗹…

𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟 (𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟱–𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵) 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝗼, 𝗥𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗹’𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗲, 𝗛𝗪𝗩 𝟮𝟴 https://www.patreon.com/ClassicMusicComposersGroup/posts/handel-poro-hwv-163219889?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝟯 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 London, 1731 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗼: 𝗣𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗼 𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗗𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝘇𝗰𝘇𝗲𝗽𝗮ń𝘀𝗸𝗮, soprano — Cleofide 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗹𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗸𝗼𝘃𝗮, mezzo-soprano — Erissena 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗼𝘃𝗶ć, alto…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟬 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 After the dazzling public world of 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗢, Solomon pauses to ask a deceptively simple…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗢 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗥 After 𝗔𝗗𝗔𝗠, the symbolic chapter of self-renaming, Mozart enters a more practical and public phase…

𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢̀ 𝗝𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞 𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼̀ 𝗝𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟬 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟰, 𝗔𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗮, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟱 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟰, 𝗡𝗮𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 Among the great reforming figures of eighteenth-century opera,…

𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢̀ 𝗣𝗜𝗖𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗟𝗬𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗪𝗔𝗥 𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼̀ 𝗣𝗶𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟲 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟴, 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟳 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟬, 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘀𝘆, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 Among the great Italian…

𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜 𝗣𝗔𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗢: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗔𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘 𝗥𝗨𝗟𝗘𝗗 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗜 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗣𝗮𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟵 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟬, 𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟱 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲, 𝗡𝗮𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 Among the great masters of eighteenth-century Italian…

𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗘́-𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗧-𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘́𝗧𝗥𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗣𝗘́𝗥𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗜𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗚𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗘 𝗔 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲́-𝗘𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘁-𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲́𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟴 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟭, 𝗟𝗶𝗲̀𝗴𝗲 — 𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗕𝗲𝗹𝗴𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟰 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯, 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 Among the composers who shaped…

𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗙 𝗠𝗬𝗦𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗖̌𝗘𝗞: 𝗜𝗟 𝗕𝗢𝗘𝗠𝗢, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗠𝘆𝘀𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗰̌𝗲𝗸 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟵 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟳, 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟰 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟭, 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 Among the remarkable composers of the…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗗 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗨𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗧𝗬 𝗩𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗱 𝗚𝗹𝘂𝗰𝗸 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟰, 𝗘𝗿𝗮𝘀𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗕𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟱 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟳, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 Among the great composers of the eighteenth century,…