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𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐠: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are conductors whose legends are built on theatrical personality, and there are others whose greatness lies in something more durable: authority without noise, discipline…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐀𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐆𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐭𝐬 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 There are conductors who dazzle through theatrical charisma, and there are others whose greatness lies in something quieter but no less durable:…

𝐃𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐨𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 There are conductors who dominate by sheer authority, and there are conductors whose greatness seems to come from something…

𝐕𝐚́𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐯 𝐍𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐆𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐂𝐳𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐀 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐞 There are conductors who become famous through power, glamour, or controversy, and there are others whose authority grows from something deeper: style,…

𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 There are conductors who preserve tradition, and there are conductors who explode it from within so that music can live again. Hermann Scherchen…

𝐎𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐊𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐦𝐞𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐀𝐫𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 There are conductors whose reputations are made by glamour, by controversy, or by a few world-famous recordings. And then there are conductors…

𝐓𝐮𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐢𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚, 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐥 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐠𝐞 There are opera conductors who serve repertory, and there are opera conductors who seem almost to stand…

𝐉𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐅 𝐊𝐑𝐈𝐏𝐒 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟒): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Josef Krips (1902–1974) was born in Vienna on 8 April 1902 and died in Geneva on 13 October 1974. He studied in…

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐋𝐋𝐈 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟗–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟎): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Sir John Barbirolli (1899–1970) was born Giovanni Battista Barbirolli in London on 2 December 1899 and died there on 29 July…

𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐳𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 George Szell’s Beethoven cycle with The Cleveland Orchestra has long been regarded as one of the great Beethoven traversals on disc. Critics have repeatedly…

𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀 𝐉𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐙𝐀 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟐) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐕𝐀 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀, 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐘𝐎𝐑𝐊, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐔𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐍𝐈 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐀 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃…

𝐄𝐮𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐲 𝐌𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐤𝐲: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐀𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐈𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡, 𝐅𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐝 Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Mravinsky was born in Saint Petersburg on 4 June 1903, into a family of aristocratic and artistic background. He…

𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐕𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐨, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Complete Audio in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2064329 Leonard Bernstein’s Beethoven discography is both rich and uneven. In the symphonies, the essential comparison…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 9 — Breaking** **1) Salzburg Stagnation and the Weight of Dependence** After Munich, **Mozart returned to Salzburg still without a meaningful future**. He had no major post beyond…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 – 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨. 𝟗, 𝐎𝐩. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 – 𝐈𝐫𝐦𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐞𝐞𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 – 𝐌𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 – 𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐇𝐚𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫 – 𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫-𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐤𝐚𝐮 – 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐫 – 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐬𝐚𝐲 https://www.patreon.com/posts/beethoven-no-9-153325649?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 – 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨. 𝟗 𝐢𝐧 𝐃 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐫,…

𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐃 𝐕𝐀𝐑𝐍𝐀𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟖–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐃𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐑𝐄𝐔𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐄𝐋𝐅 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐀 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 𝐀𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐲 (𝟐𝟓 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥…

𝐖𝐎𝐋𝐅𝐆𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐆𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐄𝐍 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟒) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐆𝐍 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐑𝐄𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐃𝐎𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐎𝐋𝐃𝐄𝐍 𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 — 𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐄, 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝐖𝐨𝐥𝐟𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐠𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧 (𝟐𝟔 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒 – 𝟖…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨.𝟑 - 𝐀𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2053627 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘, “𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀”: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 Beethoven’s Third Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 55, universally known as the “Eroica”, stands at…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 8 — Inertia** **1) Back in Salzburg: Success Without Direction** When **Leopold and Wolfgang returned from Italy in March 1773**, they brought back prestige but **no new…

# **David Schulenberg’s *****Music of the Baroque*** David Schulenberg’s ***Music of the Baroque*** first appeared in **2001**, published by **Oxford University Press** in New York. The first edition is generally listed at **xiv +…

# **George J. Buelow — A History of Baroque Music** George J. Buelow’s ***A History of Baroque Music*** was published in **2004** by **Indiana University Press** in Bloomington. The standard bibliographic record gives the…

𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐀𝐁𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐑𝐎𝐓𝐇 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐏𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐁𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐊𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐊𝐅𝐔𝐑𝐓 — 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟑 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐀𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐡 was born…

# **Janacek - Glagolitic Mass - Poulenc - Gloria - The Westminster Choir - New York Philharmonic - Leonard Bernstein ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/janacek-mass-new-152755186?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/janacek-mass-new-152755186?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) ## **Janáček – Glagolitic Mass: History, Dates, and Meaning** **Leoš Janáček’s *****Glagolitic…

𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐃𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢 - 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚, 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐚] – 𝐉𝐨𝐚𝐧 𝐒𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐄𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐚] – 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 - [𝐙𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚] – 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢 - [𝐃𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨] – 𝐋𝐮𝐢𝐠𝐢…