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𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗟 𝗕𝗢̈𝗛𝗠 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 “𝗕𝗢̈𝗛𝗠 𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗗𝗘𝗡” 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗗 𝟭 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — Violin Concerto, K219 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — Horn Concerto, K447 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — Eine kleine Nachtmusik 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — Overture to Die Entführung…

𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗦 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 was one of the central figures of nineteenth-century French opera, although his reputation today rests above all on two works:…

𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗡 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 Anton Bruckner’s influence on later composers was profound, though not always straightforward. Unlike Wagner, whose influence was immediately visible in opera, harmony, and aesthetics, Bruckner’s legacy developed…

𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗚𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗗: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝗻 20 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 1. 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 Kirsten Malfrid Flagstad was born on 12 July 1895 in Hamar, Norway, and died on 7 December 1962…

𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 - 𝗕𝗼𝘅 𝗦𝗲𝘁 𝟱𝟭𝗖𝗗𝘀 𝗖𝗗𝟬𝟭 Claudio Abbado - 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟭 & 𝟮 𝗖𝗗𝟬𝟮 John Eliot Gardiner - 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟯 & 𝟰 𝗖𝗗𝟬𝟯 Carlos Kleiber - 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗻 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟱 & 𝟳…

𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 - 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 - 𝗕𝗼𝘅 𝗦𝗲𝘁 𝟰𝟲𝗖𝗗𝘀 𝗩𝗼𝗹. 𝟭: 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗖𝗗 𝟭 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀: 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗜𝗻 𝗖 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟲𝟴 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀: 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗡𝗼. 𝟯 𝗜𝗻 𝗙 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟵𝟬 Berliner Philharmoniker,…

𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 - 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 What follows is the first developed section of this large historical panorama: a series of relationships, encounters,…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗼. 𝟭 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗘 (𝟭𝟲𝟴𝟱–𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟳) Handel’s life begins not in glamour, but in a world of 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗼𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿. He was born…

𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗲𝗹 (𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀) 𝟭. 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 Even as a boy, Arthur Schnabel astonished his…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗨𝗥 𝗥𝗨𝗕𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟬) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 – 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗶𝗻 Łó𝗱ź (𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟱) Arthur Rubinstein was born on January 28, 1887, in Łódź, then part of the Russian Empire (now Poland), into a cultured…

𝐉𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐅 𝐊𝐑𝐈𝐏𝐒 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟒): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Josef Krips (1902–1974) was born in Vienna on 8 April 1902 and died in Geneva on 13 October 1974. He studied in…

𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐔 𝐂𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐈𝐃𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996) was born on 28 June 1912 in Roman, Romania and died on 14 August 1996 near Paris. He remains…

𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐒𝐄𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐂𝐇: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Johann Sebastian Bach is often imagined as the supreme embodiment of order, discipline, faith, and musical perfection: a devout Lutheran master whose…

𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐍𝐨.𝟑 - 𝐀𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2053627 𝐁𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍’𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐘, “𝐄𝐑𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐀”: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐓𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 Beethoven’s Third Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 55, universally known as the “Eroica”, stands at…

𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔) 𝐈. 𝐌𝐔𝐍𝐈𝐂𝐇 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎) 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (1864–1949) was born on 11 June 1864 in Munich, into a deeply musical…

𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐃𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑 𝐍𝐈𝐊𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟐) A Deep and Expansive Portrait of the Man Behind the Baton 𝐈. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐲𝐞𝐬 — “𝐇𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐔𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐚𝐳𝐞” One of the most persistent…

𝗬𝗘𝗛𝗨𝗗𝗜 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗨𝗛𝗜𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮 (1916) 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 (1916–1999) was born on April 22, 1916, in New York, into a family of Russian-Jewish intellectuals who…

𝗝𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗔 𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗞𝗶𝗲𝘃 𝘁𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 The artistic personality of 𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (1898–1973) was formed far from the glare of the international…

𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗨𝗡𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 The early conducting career of 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗵 (1891–1968) is one of the most distinctive developmental stories in twentieth-century musical life. Unlike many great conductors who…

## What “reference recording” means in Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony When critics speak of “reference recordings” of **Symphony No. 9**, they are usually comparing interpretations that, by different paths, solve (or illuminate) four enormous challenges:…

𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗶𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶 — 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗵𝘆 Carlo Maria Giulini (1914–2005) developed one of the most distinctive and spiritually intense conducting styles of the twentieth century. Unlike many conductors who…

# **The Vienna Court Opera (Hofoper) — Origins and Historical Context ** ## The Vienna Court Opera (Hofoper) — Origins and Historical Context 4 The building shown in your photograph is the **Vienna Court…

# **Beulah Collection 3 ** * Alfred Brendel Early Recordings 1 – **Beethoven, Liszt & Mozart – Alfred Brendel** (1957–1962) * Alfred Brendel Early Recordings 2 – **Mussorgsky, Stravinsky, Balakirev & Liszt – Alfred…

# **Andromeda Remastered 4 ** **ANDRCD9024** **Bruckner** – Symphonies Nos. 4, 7 & 8 – Otto Klemperer (1954–1957) **ANDRCD9025** **Schubert** – Symphonies Nos. 8 & 9 – Hans Knappertsbusch (Live 1950–1957) **ANDRCD9027** **Strauss** –…