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𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗶 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗔 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗨𝗕𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡-𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟳 — 𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗢 𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗜 Founder and…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗶 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗚𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁-𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝘆, 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 The history of the 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 requires a fundamental clarification…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 𝗖𝗼̈𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻: 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘄, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝗧𝗼 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 Chapter IV of C. F. Abdy Williams’s 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶 𝘁𝗼 𝗬𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝗡𝗲́𝘇𝗲𝘁-𝗦𝗲́𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗻: 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁 The conducting history of the Metropolitan Opera of New York is…

𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗢 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 “𝗜’𝗺 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗲.” 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟬–𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟮 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻: 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝘁 𝗮 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝘀 When 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 was…

𝗟𝗘𝗢 𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁-𝘄𝗮𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗰𝘂𝘁 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘄𝗮𝗹 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟵–𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟱 | 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁-𝘄𝗮𝗿 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔̈𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮’𝘀 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 In the early history of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗥 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗺, 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟰–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟴 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝗿 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹 When the First World War broke out in the summer…

𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗨̈𝗟𝗢𝗪 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗮 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟮 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 When the Berliner Philharmoniker was founded in…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚: 𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟮 𝗔 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗿𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 The history of the Berliner Philharmoniker does not begin…

𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗲 (𝟭𝟳 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲 – 𝟭𝟯 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮) was born in Liegnitz, in the Prussian province…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗮: 𝗔 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘆 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 The first chapter of C. F.…

# **Vox Digital Remastered 11** VOXNX2696 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 - The Story of J.S. Bach in Words & Music VOXNX2697 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 - The Story of Mozart in Words & Music VOXNX2698 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 -…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗚 𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 - 𝗕𝗢𝗫 𝗦𝗘𝗧 𝟮𝟬𝗖𝗗𝘀 𝗖𝗗 𝟭 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗨𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 Serenade No. 4 in D major, KV 203 Serenade No. 9 in D major, KV 320 “Posthorn” Jean Pougnet, violin New…

# 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 # 𝗘𝘁 𝗟𝘂𝘅 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗘𝗶𝘀 ## 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 Death in the eighteenth century was never extraordinary in itself. Disease moved quickly through Europe, medicine…

𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The history of classical music is often presented as a noble succession of geniuses: 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻, 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁,…

𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 The relationship between 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (1849–1891) and 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was not one of artistic…

𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘁 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 The history of classical music does not advance only through works, styles, schools, or institutions. It…

𝗟𝗼𝘂𝗶𝘀 𝗜𝗜 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗲𝗰𝗵𝘁, oil on canvas, 131.4 x 117.5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, donated by Frederick Loeser in 1889. This portrait was painted by…

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗺𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗹𝗼𝘃𝗲 The first meeting between 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 took place on 𝟭𝟬 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯, in 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀, when…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - **𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱 — 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 ## 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 (1790–1791) The death of Joseph II on February 20, 1790, marked not only the…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔̈𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗗𝗔𝗬𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦 The direct cause of Wilhelm Furtwängler’s death was pneumonia. He died on 30 November 1954, at the age of 68, in Ebersteinburg, near…

𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗹, 𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗶, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗰𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 — 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗟 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗹 was one of the most admired Wagnerian conductors of the generation immediately after Wagner himself. Born…

𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘁, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The relationship between 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗿 is one of the most revealing,…