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𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗙 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗘́ 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟯–𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔’𝗦 𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲́ was one of those musicians whose name is less famous among the general public than…

𝟮𝟬 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀’𝘀 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝟭. 𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘇 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Walter Hendl — 𝗥𝗖𝗔 / 𝗥𝗖𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗼. Probably the most legendary account: incandescent, fast, sharply etched, and almost…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻-𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰 Chapter 1 of Volume II opens a new book in…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗’𝗦 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 Opera has always lived at the crossroads of several arts. It is music, theatre, poetry, painting, gesture, architecture, and psychological drama…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗛𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 The image that posterity most readily associates with 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 is that of the heavy, bearded, somewhat untidy old…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦, 𝗪𝗜𝗧, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧𝗙𝗨𝗟 𝗘𝗖𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗢 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗜 Few great composers have left behind an image as irresistible, theatrical, and paradoxical as 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗼 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗶. He was at once a…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮 Chapter 11 is one of…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀’ 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳, 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟴 Chapter 8…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 — 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗢 𝗡𝗢. 𝟭 𝗜𝗡 𝗗 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗥, 𝗢𝗣. 𝟭𝟱 𝟰𝟬 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗲𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 The following list is 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗮 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗱 𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴, but a broad discographic…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀, 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟲 Chapter 7 belongs to one of the most serious and…

𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗜 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗧, 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶 was born in 𝗞𝗶𝗲𝘃 on 𝟮𝟬 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳 and died in 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 on 𝟮𝟭 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟱, one…

𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆’𝘀 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼: 𝟮𝟬 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝟭. 𝗝𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗛𝗲𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘇 — 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇 𝗥𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿, 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 — 𝗥𝗖𝗔 / 𝗥𝗖𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗼. A legendary version: fast, dazzling, aristocratic, almost terrifying in its technical command. 𝟮.…

𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗚 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖, 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴, born 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴 on 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵 in 𝗦𝘁. 𝗚𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻, Switzerland, and deceased on 𝟭𝟲 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟭 in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻, 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟱 Before the biography…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: 𝗝𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗺, 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 4 is one of the turning-points…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟴–𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 3 is one of the decisive transition chapters…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗕 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗬 𝗔 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 The tomb of 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘆 is not only the resting place of one of the greatest composers of…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗰 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 The influence of 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 on 𝗗𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 was not a matter of simple imitation. Shostakovich did not…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗦 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗝𝘂𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 For 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, criticism was never a polite salon game. He did not judge composers, poets, singers, or performers according to…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗢𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝘄𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗢𝘄𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 For 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, his own works were never simply finished objects, never trophies of success, never monuments before which…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗗 𝗔 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀, 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳 The episode of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 visiting the dying 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 is one…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 The recorded legacy of 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 is one of the most imposing…