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𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟵 𝗙𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘁, 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝗷𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗛𝗶𝗺 Long before 𝗟𝗮 𝗗𝗮𝗺𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘁 existed in its mature form,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 — 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟯…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗝𝘂𝗱𝗴𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗪𝗮𝘀 𝗡𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗕𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗱 — 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟳 By 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟳, 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 had…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟱 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗰 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗶 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟯 Shortly before leaving Paris for Rome, 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 received…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟰 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝗮𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁: 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝗶𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 — 𝟵 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮 When…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟯 𝗠𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 — 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮 After the frenzy of his flight toward Paris, the abandoned plan of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗛𝗮𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟵 After seeing 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗵𝘀𝗼𝗻…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟮𝟬 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗻-𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸, 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮, 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗶𝘂𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝘂𝗱, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘆 When 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 arrived in 𝗡𝗲𝘄…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟵 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝗹𝗲 At the beginning…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟴 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀, 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗔𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 When 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 married 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗲𝗿 in 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮,…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟳 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗲𝗿 By the autumn of 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟭, 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 stood at the summit…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟭 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗡𝗼 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 By the middle of the 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟬𝘀, 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 had ceased to be merely…

𝗝𝗨𝗟𝗜𝗔 𝗙𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗡𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗕𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗮 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 is best known as one of the outstanding violinists of her generation, but her musical identity has never been limited to a single…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗔 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘀 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮 When 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 arrived in Paris in 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮,…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 — 𝗔𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵 — 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗹 For 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁 was not merely one of the three cities of his late…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟯 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗜𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘀 The childhood of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 unfolded inside a household divided between two profoundly different personalities. His father, 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟮 𝗔 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗲𝘄𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 Long before 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 became a celebrated conductor or began…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟮 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝗦𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 Long before music had entirely claimed him,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭. 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗹𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗣𝗲𝗮𝗸𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 𝗔 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗢𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘀 Hector Berlioz began the story of his life with the…

𝗝𝗢𝗦É 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣É𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 — 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 José Luis Pérez de Arteaga’s Mahler is far more than a conventional biography. It brings together…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟱 — 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗠 The word 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗵 has become almost inseparable from Robert Schumann’s name. It is more than…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗔𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟯 — 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗖𝗿𝗶𝗾 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗪𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 The story of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗖𝗿𝗶𝗾 belongs to the earliest…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟭 — 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗯𝗯é 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 After the brilliance of 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿 and the intellectual kingdom of the 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, Franz…

𝗥𝗨𝗗𝗢𝗟𝗙 𝗕𝗨𝗖𝗛𝗕𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 The life of 𝗥𝘂𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗳 𝗕𝘂𝗰𝗵𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 has been shaped by an unusual combination of precocious talent, Viennese musical tradition,…