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𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗲 of 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲’s Symphony no. 1 in E minor. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9s4yY_A2A2k (New Black Repertory Ensemble - Leslie B. Dunner, conductor) As part of the World’s Fair in Chicago — called A Century…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗥: 𝗣𝗛𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦, 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗡 To describe 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁’s physical appearance is to describe one of the most powerful visual myths in…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘀 (𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟯–𝟳𝟳) as 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮 in 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗼 𝗣𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗶’𝘀 𝗧𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗮 at the 𝗥𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲, photo 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀 (𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮–𝟳𝟬). Black and white photography. London, England, 1964.

# **Grace Bumbry — 20 Anecdotes and Curiosities** 1. **Grace Bumbry’s talent was discovered when she was only twelve**. A schoolteacher heard her sing and was so stunned by the maturity of her tone…

# **HANDEL’S FUNERAL AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY — A FULL NARRATIVE**A ## **I. London in Mourning — April 1759** In the days following George Frideric Handel’s death on the morning of **April 14, 1759**, London…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗕 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗘 𝗖𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗬 The grave of 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 is not merely the resting place of one of the great musical revolutionaries of Romanticism. Its history forms, in itself, a…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩 — 𝗔𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟳 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀: 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀, 𝗣𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗺𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The sacred music of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 is one of the most misunderstood regions…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 — 𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟭 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗘𝘆𝗲𝘀 To understand 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, it is not enough to study dates, compositions, concerts, pupils, cities,…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 — 𝗔𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟳 — 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 Rome was not simply another city in 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁’𝘀 restless itinerary. It was the place…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗔𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟱 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗮𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁, 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 Few artists of the nineteenth century understood the public meaning…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗔𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟰 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮: 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗽 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿 Before the modern pop idol, before the cinema star, before mass media…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗔𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟮 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀 The legend of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 as a musical Don Juan is one of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗬𝗖𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Selecting the fifteen greatest achievements in solo piano literature cannot be reduced to choosing fifteen isolated compositions.…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟭 — 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗯𝗯é 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 After the brilliance of 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿 and the intellectual kingdom of the 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, Franz…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧 𝗕𝗬 𝗝𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗛𝗨𝗡𝗘𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, written by 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿, was first published in 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭 by 𝗖. 𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗻𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝘀 in New York. It is a substantial biography of around 𝟰𝟱𝟴 𝗽𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀, devoted to…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧 — 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦, 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗗𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 Franz Liszt was not merely one of the greatest pianists of the nineteenth century. He was a phenomenon: 𝗮 𝘃𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗼, 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗘𝗜𝗣𝗭𝗜𝗚: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪 The 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 in 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 is one of the most symbolically complex tributes to the composer. It stands on the 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴, near…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗖𝗢 𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗬: 𝗔 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗕𝗨𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗟𝗘 The 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, located in the 𝗔𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗮 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 of 𝗠𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, is one of the most striking musical monuments in Latin…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗭 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗡’𝗦 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪: 𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔 The story of 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗻 and 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘇 is not the story of a long artistic partnership. It is…

𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗦 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗧 𝗣𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗔 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗣𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗩𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗧, 𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗬, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗭𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The final years of Mozart’s life have always drawn biography toward legend.…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗛𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗜𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗹, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗠ü𝗵𝗹𝗳𝗲𝗹𝗱, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗣𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗵’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗙𝗼𝗹𝗸-𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀,…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜𝗜 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀: 𝗛𝗼𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗿, 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗺, 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁, 𝗕𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜𝗜 Chapter VII of C. F. Abdy Williams’s…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗡ä𝗻𝗶𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘇𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗔𝗻𝗱…