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𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗧 𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 is one of the oldest, most prestigious and historically influential institutions of higher musical education in Russia. Together with the…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟬𝟳 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 The death of 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 in 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳 was one of the first great…

𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢 𝗖𝗜𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗗𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟳 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟵, 𝗔𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗮, 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗱𝗼𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝗡𝗮𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟭 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟭, 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 Among the great composers of…

𝗣𝗨𝗦𝗛𝗞𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 No Russian writer has exerted a deeper, wider, or more decisive influence on music than 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘆𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝘂𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗶𝗻. If 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗲 became the…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗔𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗛𝗢𝗪 𝗧𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗩𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Christoph Johannes Wolff, born on 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟮𝟰, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬, in 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, North…

𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗥 𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗿 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗲, born in Dublin on 16 October 1854 and dead in Paris on 30 November 1900, was not a composer, nor was music the central…

𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 The relationship between 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (1849–1891) and 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was not one of artistic…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗩𝗢ŘÁ𝗞 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗸𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗜𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘁: 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟳 The relationship between 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 and 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻í𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼řá𝗸 began not with a…

Standing: 𝗜𝗴𝗻𝗮𝘇 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹, 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝗼𝗿, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗚𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝗽𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 (𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗹'𝘀 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿), 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻. Sitting: 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗘𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀. 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗖𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗟𝗘 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗦…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹, 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟲, 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗜)…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 — 𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘀 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟵) With this fourth chapter, Schubert’s life begins to open outward in…

𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬: 𝗡𝗔𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦, 𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗣𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬) If Rome had revealed to Handel that a city without opera could still become a place of musical glory, the…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰: 𝗛𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗟𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟰) When Handel left Halle in the spring of 1703, he was not simply changing cities. He was crossing a…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗼𝘀𝗼 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶 (1687–1762) was an Italian Baroque composer, violin virtuoso, and influential music theorist, and he stands among the most important…

𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭-𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐖𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐬 𝐈𝐟 𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are composers whose lives seem wholly given over to music, and there are others whose greatness becomes even more astonishing because…

𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐞: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 Elizabeth Schwarzkopf and Walter Legge formed one of the most influential, complex, and frequently debated personal and artistic partnerships in the…

𝐀𝐍𝐉𝐀 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐉𝐀 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐏𝐇 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐎𝐇𝐍𝐀𝐍𝐘𝐈: 𝐀 𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐏 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 Anja Silja and Christoph von Dohnányi came together in the world of postwar German opera,…

𝐂𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐒 𝐊𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐈𝐑𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟗) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐇𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 was born in Vienna…

# **Barbara Strozzi (1619–1677)** To understand **Barbara Strozzi**, one must first imagine **Venice in the seventeenth century**. It was not merely a city of canals and palaces; it was the **musical capital of Europe**,…

# **Klaus Tennstedt – Psychological Profile & Relations with Other Conductors and Orchestras** Klaus Tennstedt was, perhaps more than any other major conductor of the late twentieth century, a man whose inner world shaped…

IGLAU / JIHLAVA Gustav Mahler spent fifteen years in Iglau/Jihlava (1860-1875) before setting out for the wider world of music https://mahlerfoundation.org/mahler/locations/czech-republic/jihlava/city-of-jihlava/