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𝗠𝗨𝗭𝗜𝗢 𝗖𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗛𝗡𝗜𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝘂𝘇𝗶𝗼 𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟯 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟮, 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮, 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗺, 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 Among the great figures in the…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 — 𝗛𝗢𝗪 𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗛𝗡𝗜𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗜. 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗦 Nathan Milstein (1904–1992) emerged from the extraordinarily fertile musical environment of the late…

# **A DETAILED STUDY OF LOUIS SPOHR’S VIOLIN TECHNIQUE** ## **I. Introduction — Spohr as Violinist: A Bridge Between Eras** To understand **Louis Spohr’s violin technique** is to stand at a crossroads in the…

𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈 𝐀𝐒 𝐀 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐓𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 𝐇𝐎𝐖 𝐓𝐎 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐘 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍 Arcangelo Corelli occupies an unusual position in the history of musical pedagogy. He left no violin method, no systematic…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟑 — 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐉Ó𝐙𝐄𝐅 𝐄𝐋𝐒𝐍𝐄𝐑 When 𝐅𝐫𝐲𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐤 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧 completed his piano…

𝗘𝗫𝗖𝗟𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗨𝗕𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧 — 𝗝𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗛𝗨𝗡𝗘𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗭𝗧: 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘, 𝗔𝗥𝗧, 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗖𝗬 Dear subscribers, I am delighted to share with you these two complete illustrated volumes devoted to the…

𝐀𝐀𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐂𝐎𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐀𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟎) is widely regarded as 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐠𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞. More than any other twentieth-century composer, he…

One of Britain's greatest composers believed he still had 𝐭𝐨𝐨 𝐦𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧. When 𝐑𝐚𝐥𝐩𝐡 𝐕𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐬 (𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟖) reached the age of 𝟒𝟑, he was already a respected composer. Works such as A Sea…

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗗𝗜𝗗 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥? 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿'𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 Among the many relationships that shaped 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿's artistic life, none was more profound than his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟲 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗶, 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘂𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘂𝗿: 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟯 Once 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 had decided that he would…

𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗭𝗘𝗟 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Lorin Maazel was one of the most technically formidable conductors of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He possessed an exceptional ear, an almost photographic memory, absolute…

𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗧-𝗦𝗔𝗘𝗡𝗦’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗙𝗔𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗬𝗢𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 “𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗔𝗡” 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 Camille Saint-Saëns has often suffered from the very qualities that made him extraordinary. His technique seemed effortless, his craftsmanship was impeccable,…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 — 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗢 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗘 𝗔 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗠 Robert Schumann’s commitment to music was not…

𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗗𝗲𝗲𝗽 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟭–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟱 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟲–𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟵 The relationship between 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗰𝘂 and 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 was one of the most beautiful 𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿–𝗽𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹 relationships…

𝗞𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗗𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗘𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗬 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 Klaus Tennstedt belongs to that rare category of conductors whose art cannot be explained only by technique, career posts, discography, or repertoire. He was…

𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗱𝘂 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗔𝘁 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗼 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 was one of the most important Italian tenors of the late nineteenth century, remembered above all as…

𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀 was one of the most celebrated and respected German pianists of the twentieth century, renowned for his rigorous approach, formidable technique, and absolute fidelity to the scores. He was born in 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴…

As a last-minute replacement for 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗿𝗲̂𝘁𝗿𝗲 in July 1963, 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗷𝗶 𝗢𝘇𝗮𝘄𝗮 was called upon to lead the Orchestra in two concerts at the Ravinia Festival. The 27-year-old conductor made his debut with the…

𝗡𝗮𝗼𝘂𝗺 𝗕𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻-𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗳 𝗜𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝗼𝘂𝗺 𝗕𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 — born on 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟵, 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟵, in 𝗬𝗲𝘃𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮, then part of the 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝗺𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗲 and today in 𝗨𝗸𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲, and died on 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿…

𝗠𝘆 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝘁. 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻: 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 Entering the church was not simply like visiting a historical monument. It felt like crossing a threshold into 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗹. The vastness of…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗜 𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙 — 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗼. 𝟮 𝗶𝗻 𝗖 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿, 𝗢𝗽. 𝟭𝟴 - 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘇𝘆, 𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 - 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲́ 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗻, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 - 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟮 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yiis3B1_mHs One of the great modern recordings of…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗢𝗻 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 — 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗹 For 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, performance was never a mere display of dexterity. To play music was not simply to move the fingers…

𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 The encounter between 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 and 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 belongs to one of the most formative episodes in early eighteenth-century music. It was…