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THE LAST DAYS OF FRYDERYK CHOPIN THE SLOW END AT PLACE VENDOME, WHO ACCOMPANIED HIM, AND HOW HE DIED ON 17 OCTOBER 1849 The final months of 𝐅𝐫𝐲𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐤 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧 were not marked by a…

𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Few great composers spoke about other composers with the same mixture of 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, and sometimes devastating cruelty…

𝗜𝗚𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗞𝗬: 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦, 𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗦𝗬𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗟 To speak of 𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆’𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 requires caution. He was not merely arrogant in a simple or vulgar sense. He was a profoundly complex personality:…

𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗨𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 – 𝗭𝗮𝗶𝗱𝗲, 𝗞. 𝟯𝟰𝟰 / 𝟯𝟯𝟲𝗯 – 𝗜𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗲 - 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 - 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟵–𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟬 - 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗼: 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-zaide-ian-159120540?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗭𝗮𝗶𝗱𝗲 is one of Mozart’s most…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗗𝗔𝗬 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘆-𝗼𝗻𝗲-𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿-𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟵 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴 Franz Schubert died in Vienna on 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟭𝟵 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴, at the age of only thirty-one. His death took…

𝗜𝗴𝗹𝗮𝘂 (now 𝗝𝗶𝗵𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗮) The relationship between 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 and 𝗜𝗴𝗹𝗮𝘂 — now 𝗝𝗶𝗵𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗮, in the Czech Republic — is foundational to understanding the composer’s early life, emotional development, and musical roots. Below is a…

𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬: 𝗔 𝗕𝗢𝗗𝗬 𝗪𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗬, 𝗔 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧 𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗟𝗟 𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗟𝗢𝗪 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 By the last decade of his life, Claude Debussy was already a figure of immense artistic authority, yet inwardly his world…

𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁: 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹𝘀 𝗜. 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 Jules Massenet was born on 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟮, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟮, in Montaud, near Saint-Étienne, into a cultivated but not…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 - 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝟭-𝟭𝟬 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟲-𝟱𝟯) [𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝘇𝗶𝗱𝗼𝗻] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1uIE_LRx7M 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁’𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘀. 𝟭–𝟭𝟬 belong to one of the most important and characteristic chapters in his entire piano output. Written principally between…

𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮: 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲, 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝗹𝗲, 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃 𝗔 𝗰𝗼𝘀𝗺𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 “𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃’𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗳𝗲” Lina Codina was far more than a tragic footnote in the life of…

𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣, 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗 The relationship between 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 (1886–1954) and 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘂 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲 (1912–1996) is one of the most consequential mentor–successor dynamics in twentieth-century conducting. It…

## What “reference recording” means in Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony When critics speak of “reference recordings” of **Symphony No. 9**, they are usually comparing interpretations that, by different paths, solve (or illuminate) four enormous challenges:…

𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔) — 𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐝𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐚 Elisabeth Schwarzkopf remains one of the most fascinating and controversial sopranos in recording history. She was admired as a supreme interpreter of Mozart,…

# **Farinelli — Anecdotes and Curious Episodes from the Life of the Most Famous Castrato in History ** Carlo Broschi (1705–1782), known to the world as **Farinelli**, became the most celebrated singer of the…

# **Handel - Rinaldo - Nicholas McGegan** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-rinaldo-146976726?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/handel-rinaldo-146976726?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) **Magic, Crusade, and the Birth of Italian Opera in London** **Rinaldo** occupies a unique and decisive place in Handel’s career: it was **his first Italian opera…

# **Mozart and the Musicians: Orchestras, Opera Singers, and the Reality Behind the Genius** Mozart’s relationship with **orchestral musicians and opera singers** was complex, deeply human, and often misunderstood. Far from being a distant…

# **Mozart: Composing the *****Requiem***** under a Sense of Fatality** During the final months of his life in 1791, as Mozart worked on the *Requiem*, he developed an increasingly explicit conviction that the work…

# **Hector Berlioz on Mozart — Opinions, Quotes, and Sources** Few 19th-century composers revered Mozart with the same mixture of awe, affection, and artistic gratitude as **Hector Berlioz**. Although Berlioz was temperamentally distant from…

# **THE DEATH OF GIACOMO PUCCINI — A COMPLETE ANALYSIS** *Cancer, suffering, stubborn hope, desperation, and the unfinished ending of a genius* Giacomo Puccini’s death on **29 November 1924** in Brussels stands as one…

# **SIR DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY — A LIFE** ## **I. Origins, Childhood, and the Early Emergence of a Musical Mind** Donald Francis Tovey was born on **July 17, 1875**, in Eton, into an intellectually…

# **THE DEATH OF FANNY MENDELSSOHN — A COMPLETE ANALYSIS** ## **I. The Final Spring of 1847: A Life at Full Intensity** During the spring of 1847, **Fanny Mendelssohn** lived one of the most…

# **The Fröhlich Sisters and Their Relationship with Schubert** Among the many homes that welcomed Franz Schubert in Vienna, few were as cultured, warm, and influential as that of the **Fröhlich sisters**. Their apartment…

# **Richard Wagner’s Final Year — A Narrative Psychological Portrait** In the last year of his life, Richard Wagner moved through the world like a man walking inside a storm of his own making.…

# **Klaus Tennstedt – Psychological Profile & Relations with Other Conductors and Orchestras** Klaus Tennstedt was, perhaps more than any other major conductor of the late twentieth century, a man whose inner world shaped…