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## 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘄 𝗦𝗸𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗰𝘇𝗲𝘄𝘀𝗸𝗶 — 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝗿, 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮 **Stanisław Skrowaczewski (1923–2017)** was one of the last conductors directly shaped by the Central-European symphonic…

# **Bach, Mozart, and the Idea of Musical Genius: A Comparative Study** The word *genius* in music often conjures two names before all others: **Johann Sebastian Bach** and **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart**. They represent two…

𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈 𝐀𝐒 𝐀 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐓𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 𝐇𝐎𝐖 𝐓𝐎 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐘 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍 Arcangelo Corelli occupies an unusual position in the history of musical pedagogy. He left no violin method, no systematic…

𝐆𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐕 𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐂𝐄... 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐍 𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐘𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐄 𝐈𝐓 One of Britain's greatest composers became world-famous for a work he never wanted to define his career.…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟯 𝗠𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 — 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟭–𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟮 After the frenzy of his flight toward Paris, the abandoned plan of…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 — 𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟵 — 𝗕𝘂𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶, 𝗦𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗮, 𝗥𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗸𝘆-𝗞𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 The afterlife of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 did not begin after his death in 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲.…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗞𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗺𝗲𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗕𝗮𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗼 𝗢𝗹𝗺𝘂𝘁𝘇: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 When 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 completed his student years in Vienna, his future profession…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗢𝗭 𝗔𝗦 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗛𝗜𝗠𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗔 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘀 — 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮 When 𝗛𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 arrived in Paris in 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮,…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 — 𝗔𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟳 — 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 Rome was not simply another city in 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁’𝘀 restless itinerary. It was the place…

𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗜𝗻 𝗘𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗢𝗳 𝗭𝘄𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗮𝘂’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Standing in the Hauptmarkt of Zwickau, Saxony, the imposing bronze monument to Robert Schumann is more than a public statue. It represents the…

𝗗𝗩𝗢𝗥̌𝗔́𝗞 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗨𝗦: 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘𝗦, 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶́𝗻 𝗗𝘃𝗼𝗿̌𝗮́𝗸 and 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 belong to two different generations, but they share one essential historical idea: both transformed the musical identity of…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗝𝗨𝗕𝗟𝗝𝗔𝗡𝗔: 𝗔 𝗠𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 Walking through 𝗟𝗷𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗷𝗮𝗻𝗮, one may unexpectedly encounter this evocative statue of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, one of the greatest composers and conductors in the…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗖𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗛𝗘𝗜𝗠 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗔𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟴 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟭, 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗺, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟬 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟴, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗺 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗻, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗰𝗵 was one of the central…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗘𝗣𝗜𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻” 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝘀𝘂𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 At the end of Johann Sebastian Bach’s life, the…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 — 𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗔𝗖𝗛, 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗬 The 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 in 𝗘𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆, is one of the most important public monuments dedicated to Bach. It was created by the German sculptor 𝗔𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗳…

𝗢𝗶𝗹 𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗲𝗰𝗵𝘁, a work now held by the 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘂𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸. The painting was connected with Wagner’s relationship with 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝗜𝗜 𝗼𝗳…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝟭. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 — 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦 An introductory post on Hughes’s central idea: that the emotional lives of musicians…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲” 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭.𝟯 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 The image of Johann Sebastian Bach that emerges from…

𝗧𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗢 𝗗𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗶𝗿𝘀𝗼 𝗱𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 — 𝗰. 𝟭𝟱𝟳𝟵–𝟭𝟲𝟰𝟴 After 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗱𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗧𝗶𝗿𝘀𝗼 𝗱𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮 is probably the Spanish writer whose indirect influence on classical music was…

𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗢𝗙𝗙𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 — 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟲–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮 𝗘. 𝗧. 𝗔. 𝗛𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 was one of the most extraordinary figures in German Romantic culture: writer, composer, music…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 The lives of great musicians are often told as if they belonged only to art: dates of birth, places…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 — 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗘𝗫-𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔: 𝗔 𝗕𝗢𝗬 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘, 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗬, 𝗕𝗨𝗧 𝗡𝗢𝗧 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗙𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿𝘀, 𝗔 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝘆, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗰 𝗚𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 was one of the most spectacular Italian tenors of the twentieth century, a singer whose name still…