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𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟏 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍’𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 The first people…

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐋 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐃 𝐌𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐀𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐉𝐔𝐒𝐓 𝟐𝟒 𝐃𝐀𝐘𝐒 In the summer of 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏, George Frideric Handel began composing the work that would become his most famous masterpiece. Working with extraordinary concentration, he completed 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐞…

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗗𝗜𝗗 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥? 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿'𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 Among the many relationships that shaped 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿's artistic life, none was more profound than his…

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻: 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼 𝗢𝗽. 𝟭𝟳 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟲) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzTcsluFxU4 After 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, whom she outlived by 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀, 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 devoted much of her professional life to 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 her husband’s music—through the meticulous firm of 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗶𝘁𝗸𝗼𝗽𝗳…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟵 𝗔 “𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗦𝗔𝗗𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦” ════════════════════════════ 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗪𝗡𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 After 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻, Solomon brings the narrative into one of the most painful zones of Mozart’s adult…

𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗗𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗘𝗘𝗠𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 Few conductors have travelled through nearly an entire century of musical history while preserving such freshness, modesty and intellectual curiosity. 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗕𝗹𝗼𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗱𝘁, who…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗨𝗥, 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗧𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗩𝗘𝗦𝗧 After 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻𝘀, there was no new creative dawn for 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵…

𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗗𝗩𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗚 The grave of 𝗘𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗴 is one of the most poetic resting places of any great composer. It is located at 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻, his beloved home near 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻, Norway,…

𝗘𝗨𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗬 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝟭. “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 in which you cannot say a mean or sarcastic thing.” Interview, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟬 𝟮. “𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮; you must…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗗 𝗔 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀, 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳 The episode of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 visiting the dying 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 is one…

𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐧𝐞𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐝𝐢 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫, 𝐍𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are baritones whose greatness lies in vocal beauty alone, and others whose greatness comes from something broader and…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆: 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗙𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗿 𝗜𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗮 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗱𝘆.…

𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐳𝐨𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐓𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐭, 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐀𝐫𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐍𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞, 𝐍𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 There are pianists whose greatness lies in sheer command, and there are others whose…

𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐦 𝐊𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐟𝐟: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐲𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are pianists whose greatness is built on force, brilliance, or spectacle, and there are others whose authority comes from something…

𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗗𝗜 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 — 𝗪𝗛𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗗𝗜𝗗 𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗦𝗧? The safest answer is that 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲, 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲, 𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲-𝗮𝗻𝗱-𝗳𝗼𝗿-𝗮𝗹𝗹 “𝗳𝗮𝘃𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮.” His preferences changed across his career, and…

𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐦: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐮𝐫 There are conductors whose authority is built on domination, theatrical command, and visible force. And then there are rarer figures whose greatness comes…

𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 — 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗜. 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗬 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗥 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 “𝗜𝘁 𝗮𝗹𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝘀𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗜 𝗮𝗺 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘆𝗲𝘁 𝗮 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻.” — Letter to Clara Schumann, 12…

𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 — 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗜. 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗥 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 “𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗜 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗲𝘃𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻— 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱; 𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝗲𝗲𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗺𝗲 𝗺𝘆 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿.”…

𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐎𝐟 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐦 There are pianists whose fame rests on flawless polish, and there are others whose greatness comes from something more…

𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐭𝐢: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 There are conductors whose careers are defined by prestige, and there are others whose greatness comes from a…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐦 𝐒𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠 There are conductors whose greatness lies in severity, austerity, and intellectual weight, and there are others whose power comes from something more public, more…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥: 𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗔 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘 To say that each Mahler symphony is a world is not a decorative phrase. It is one of the few formulas that comes close to the truth. In Mahler’s…

# **Herbert Blomstedt — Discipline, Silence, and Musical Integrity** ## A life without ego: authority through example One of the most striking curiosities about Blomstedt is that **he never cultivated the image of the…

# **The Art and Orchestral Conducting Style of Wilhelm Furtwängler** Wilhelm Furtwängler stands as one of the most **profound, controversial, and spiritually ambitious conductors** in the history of orchestral performance. His art cannot be…