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𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘆, 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁, 𝗕𝗲𝗹𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗸𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝗼𝘀 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗼𝗸 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗭𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗞𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗯𝗮𝘂𝗲𝗿 (𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗱𝗯𝗮𝘂𝗲𝗿–𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗲𝗹𝘆) 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁 - 1910 Waldbauer string quartet (Jenő Kerpely, Imre Waldbauer, Antal Molnár and János Temesváry, all the…

𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐙𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐀𝐍 𝐊𝐎𝐃𝐀𝐋𝐘 𝐙𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐲 (16 December 1882 Kecskemét – 6 March 1967 Budapest) was one of the most outstanding personalities of 20th century Hungarian culture: composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue…

𝑍𝑂𝐿𝑇𝐴𝑁 𝐾𝑂𝐷𝐴𝐿𝑌 — 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝑆𝑂𝑈𝐿 𝑂𝐹 𝐻𝑈𝑁𝐺𝐴𝑅𝑌: 𝐹𝑂𝐿𝐾, 𝐹𝐼𝑅𝐸 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐸𝐷𝑈𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑅𝐸𝑉𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐖𝐀𝐘 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 (1882–1900) 𝐙𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐲 (1882–1967) was born on 16 December 1882 in Kecskemét, Hungary, into…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝐬) 𝐈. 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) By the early 1940s, 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) had already forged…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐔 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) was born on 9 April 1906 in Budapest,…

𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐊 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐙 𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐑 — 𝐀 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐏 𝐎𝐅 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐖𝐈𝐋𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐈. 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐄𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐙𝐓 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟎𝐬) The relationship between 𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐤 (1881–1945) and 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐳…

Bela Bartok and Zoltan Kodaly - 1903

𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐊 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐂𝐄 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐄𝐃 𝐀 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐔𝐀𝐆𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟓) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟖) 𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐚 𝐕𝐢𝐤𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐤 (1881–1945) was born on 25 March 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos,…

𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐊 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐋𝐊 𝐀𝐋𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐍𝐀𝐆𝐘𝐒𝐙𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐌𝐈𝐊𝐋𝐎𝐒 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟗) 𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐚 𝐕𝐢𝐤𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐤 (1881–1945) was born on 25 March 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos, then in the Kingdom…

Wolfgang Sawallisch and Anne Sophie Muter

George Szell and Pierre Boulez

𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐑𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐘𝐨𝐫𝐤, 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝟖, 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟖. From left to right: 𝐎𝐬𝐤𝐚𝐫 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 ; 𝐄́𝐯𝐚 𝐆𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐫 ; 𝐌𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐑𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 at the piano; 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐚𝐡 𝐋𝐞𝐢𝐝𝐞-𝐓𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐨 ; and 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐰𝐢𝐧.

𝐒𝐀𝐌𝐔𝐈𝐋 𝐒𝐀𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐔𝐃 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐒: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐊𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐂𝐇’𝐒 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐔𝐌𝐏𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟒) 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟑) 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐮𝐢𝐥 𝐀𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐮𝐝 (1884–1964) was born on 14 May 1884 in Odessa, then part…

𝐑𝐎𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐊𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐔𝐒 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂: 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟑) 𝐀 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐍 𝐋𝐎𝐎𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 When 𝐑𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐊𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐬 (1856–1933) was born in Helsingfors on 2 December…

𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐌 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐉𝐀𝐍 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐅𝐀𝐂𝐄: 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐌 𝐕𝐒. 𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐆𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐈. 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐡𝐦 (1894–1981) and 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐧 (1908–1989) stood as…

Herbert Von Karajan and Kurt Masur

The text expresses 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗿𝘁. His central idea is that true art: 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗯𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀, 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀. 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘀𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻…

𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔) 𝐈. 𝐌𝐔𝐍𝐈𝐂𝐇 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐅𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟒–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎) 𝐑𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 (1864–1949) was born on 11 June 1864 in Munich, into a deeply musical…

Leonard Bernstein and Isaac Stern

𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼, 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐄𝐃𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐄𝐋𝐆𝐀𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐄𝐃𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐃𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄, 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐆𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐔𝐌𝐏𝐇 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟒) 𝐈. 𝐇𝐔𝐌𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐂𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟕–𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟎𝐬) 𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐄𝐝𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦 𝐄𝐥𝐠𝐚𝐫 (𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟒) was born on 2 June 1857 in Lower Broadheath,…

𝐋𝐄𝐎𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐊𝐎𝐖𝐒𝐊𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐀𝐍 𝐋𝐎𝐅𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐏𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐔𝐌 𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐇-𝐁𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐁𝐈𝐆 𝐀𝐌𝐁𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔) 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐤𝐢 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕) was born on 18 April 1882…

**JASCHA HEIFETZ AND MICHAEL TILSON THOMAS, 1963**